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Comparative evaluation of osteo-conductive capacity of gold nanoparticle-enriched injectable platelet-rich fibrin of human dental pulp stem cells: an ex-vivo study
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Bandana Panda, Vivek Aggarwal, Debkant Jena
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent ;Published online October 7, 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2026.51.e47
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 Abstract
- Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gold nanoparticle-enriched (AuNP) injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on the proliferation, growth factor release, and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
Methods
i-PRF and AuNP–i-PRF were prepared using venous blood obtained from healthy volunteers. Human DPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were treated with control medium, i-PRF, or AuNP–i-PRF conditioned medium. Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition using Alizarin Red S staining. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05).
Results
AuNP–i-PRF significantly enhanced DPSC proliferation compared with the i-PRF and control groups (p < 0.001). Increased release of VEGF and TGF-β was observed in the AuNP–i-PRF group at all time points, with peak expression at day 7 (p < 0.001). ALP activity and calcium deposition were also significantly higher in the AuNP–i-PRF group, indicating enhanced osteogenic differentiation.
Conclusions
AuNP–i-PRF enhanced proliferation, growth factor release, and osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs compared with i-PRF alone. These findings suggest that AuNP–i-PRF may serve as a promising biomaterial for regenerative endodontic and bone tissue engineering applications; however, further in vivo studies are required to confirm its clinical potential.
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KACD
