Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

The prevalence of radix molaris in the mandibular first molars of a Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography: Hassan AL-Alawi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Nassr Al-Maflehi, Mazen A. Aldosimani, Mohammed Nabil Zahid, Ghadeer N. Shihabi; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(1):e1. Published online November 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e1

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of radix molaris (RM) (entomolaris and paramolaris) in the mandibular first permanent molars of a sample Saudi Arabian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods

A total of 884 CBCT images of 427 male and 457 female Saudi citizens (age 16 to 70 years) were collected from the radiology department archives of 4 dental centers. A total of 450 CBCT images of 741 mature mandibular first molars that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The images were viewed at high resolution by 3 examiners and were analyzed with Planmeca Romexis software (version 5.2).

Results

Thirty-three (4.5%) mandibular first permanent molars had RM, mostly on the distal side. The incidence of radix entomolaris (EM) was 4.3%, while that of radix paramolaris was 0.3%. The RM roots had one canal and occurred more unilaterally. No significant difference in root configuration was found between males and females (p > 0.05). Types I and III EM root canal configurations were most common, while type B was the only RP configuration observed.

Conclusions

The incidence of RM in the mandibular first molars of this Saudi subpopulation was 4.5%. Identification of the supernumerary root can avoid missing the canal associated with the root during root canal treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of the variations of mandibular molars and the distance from root apex to the inferior alveolar nerve in Saudi Sub-population: Three-dimensional radiographic evaluation
Tariq Mohammed Aqili, Esam Sami Almuzaini, Abdulbari Saleh Aljohani, Ahmed Khaled Al Saeedi, Hassan Abdulmuti Hammudah, Muath Alassaf, Muhannad M. Hakeem, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317053. CrossRef
Prevalence of radix molaris in mandibular molars of a subpopulation of Brazil’s Northeast region: a cross-sectional CBCT study
Yasmym Martins Araújo de Oliveira, Maria Clara Mendes Gomes, Maria Fernanda da Silva Nascimento, Ricardo Machado, Danna Mota Moreira, Hermano Camelo Paiva, George Táccio de Miranda Candeiro
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of the root and canal morphology in the permanent dentition of Saudi Arabian population using cone beam computed and micro-computed tomography – a systematic review
Mohammed Mustafa, Rumesa Batul, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Hadi Mohammed Alamri, Abdulaziz Abdulwahed, Ahmed A. Almokhatieb, Qamar Hashem, Abdullah Alsakaker, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of radix accesoria dentis in a northern Peruvian population evaluated by cone-beam tomography
Karla Renata León-Almanza, Anthony Adrián Jaramillo-Nuñez, Catherin Angélica Ruiz-Cisneros, Paul Martín Herrera-Plasencia
Heliyon.2024; 10(16): e35919. CrossRef
Radix molaris is a hidden truth of mandibular first permanent molars: A descriptive- analytic study using cone beam computed tomography
Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Ebtihal Mobarak S. Alshahrani, Ebtsam M. Alshehri, Amal S. Shaiban, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Giuseppe Minervini
Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(5): 1957. CrossRef
Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Permanent Molars Analyzed by Cone-Beam CT in the Saudi Population of Ha'il Province
Moazzy I Almansour, Ahmed A Madfa, Adhwaa F Algharbi, Reem Almuslumani, Noeer K Alshammari, Ghufran M Al Hussain
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of radix entomolaris in India and its comparison with the rest of the world
Sumit MOHAN, Jyoti THAKUR
Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radix Paramolaris an Endodontic Challenge: A Case Report
Ashwini B Prasad, Deepak Raisingani, Ridhima Gupta, Rimjhim Jain
Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology.2022; 7(1): 32. CrossRef
Evaluation of Radix Entomolaris and Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Permanent First Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani, Kazhan Omer Abdalrahman, Rawa Jamal Abdul, Dlsoz Omer Babarasul, Sara Hilmi Kazzaz, Heng Bo Jiang
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar by CBCT: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Rakan Rafdan Alhujhuj, Rizwan Jouhar, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Abdullatif Abdulrahman Almujhim, Mohammed Tariq Albutayh, Necdet Adanir
Diagnostics.2022; 12(9): 2121. CrossRef
Ethnical Anatomical Differences in Mandibular First Permanent Molars between Indian and Saudi Arabian Subpopulations: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Abdulwahab Alamir, Mohammed Mashyakhy, Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi, Thilla S Vinothkumar, Anandhi S Arthisri, Ahmed Juraybi
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2021; 22(5): 484. CrossRef

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Fused roots of maxillary molars: characterization and prevalence in a Latin American sub-population: a cone beam computed tomography study: Maytté Marcano-Caldera, Jose Luis Mejia-Cardona, María del Pilar Blanco-Uribe, Elena Carolina Chaverra-Mesa, Didier Rodríguez-Lezama, Jose Hernán Parra-Sánchez; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(2):e16. Published online April 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e16

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The upper molars generally have three roots; therefore, different combinations of fusion can occur, increasing the possibility of finding more complex root canal systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characterization of fused roots in first and second maxillary molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Colombian population.

Materials and Methods

A total of 1274 teeth were evaluated, of which 534 were maxillary first molars and 740 were maxillary second molars. Axial sections were made at the cervical, middle, and apical levels to determine the prevalence of root fusion and the types of fusion.

Results

Overall, 43% of the molars (n = 551) presented some type of fused root. Root fusion was present in 23.4% of the maxillary first molars. The most frequent type of fused root was type 3 (distobuccal-palatal; DB-P) (58.9%). Root fusion was observed in 57.6% of the maxillary second molars, and the most prevalent type of fused root was type 6 (cone-shaped) (45.2%). Of the maxillary molars, 12.5% were classified as C-shaped.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, there was a high prevalence of fused roots in maxillary molars in the Colombian population, mainly in the maxillary second molars. In first molars, the most common type of fused root was type 3 (DB-P) and in second molars, the most common type was type 6 (cone-shaped). Additionally, molars with root fusion presented variation at different levels of the radicular portion, with implications for treatment quality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Management of a rare bilateral maxillary first molar with six canals using a cone-beam computed tomography: Report of two cases
Aishwarya D. Jain, Nimisha Chinmay Shah, Abhya Jain, Shreya S. Volety
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2025; 15(2): 186. CrossRef
Exploring the sex-associated differences in molars fused roots
Maria Eduarda Nunis Locks, Erika Calvano Küchler, Leonardo Santos Antunes, Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Natanael Henrique Ribeiro Mattos, Camila Paiva Perin, Paulo Henrique Condeixa França, Peter Proff, Christian Kirschneck, Flares Baratto-Filho
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger.2024; 254: 152245. CrossRef
Cone beam computed tomography analysis of the root and canal morphology of the maxillary second molars in a Syrian subpopulation
Safaa Allawi, Mouhammad Al-Tayyan, Hassan Achour, Eyad Al-Toutangy, Yasser Alsayed Tolibah
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of root fusion in canine maxillary second molar teeth using cone-beam computed tomography
Kristin Linder, Scott MacGee, Loren Schultz
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Dentine thickness in maxillary fused molars depends on the fusion type: An ex vivo micro‐computed tomography study
Cangül Keskin, Defne Toplu, Ali Keleş
International Endodontic Journal.2023; 56(5): 637. CrossRef
Root and canal-specific features of maxillary first molars with fused roots
Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic, Branislav Karadzic
Vojnosanitetski pregled.2022; 79(11): 1092. CrossRef
Micro-CT Analysis of the Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary Second Molars with Fusion
Cangül KESKİN, Özgür ÖZDEMİR, Ali KELEŞ
European Annals of Dental Sciences.2022; 49(Suppl 1): 25. CrossRef
Assessment of C-Shaped Canal Morphology in Mandibular and Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Kazhan Abdalrahman, Ranjdar Talabani, Sara Kazzaz, Dlsoz Babarasul, Berndt Koslowski
Scanning.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Analysis of Root and Canal Morphology of Fused and Separate Rooted Maxillary Molar Teeth in Turkish Population
H Aydin
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2021; 24(3): 435. CrossRef
Investigating prevalence of dental anomalies in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia through digital orthopantomogram
Jehan ALHumaid, Maryam Buholayka, Arishiya Thapasum, Muhanad Alhareky, Maha Abdelsalam, Amr Bughsan
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2021; 28(5): 2900. CrossRef
Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef
Second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary molars—A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies using cone beam computed tomography
Jorge N.R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Archives of Oral Biology.2020; 113: 104589. CrossRef

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