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- Direct cellular responses of a human periodontal ligament stem cell line to root canal sealers and white mineral trioxide aggregate: an in vitro study
- Atsushi Tomokiyo, Kenta Tsuchiya, Keita Ipposhi, Salvatore Sauro, Jukka P. Matinlinna, Fumiko Minowa, Hidehiko Sano, Hidefumi Maeda
- J Korean Acad Conserv Dent ;Published online October 23, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2026.51.e45 [Epub ahead of print]
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material - Objectives
Root canal sealers may contact periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues through the apical foramen; therefore, their biological compatibility is critical for periapical healing. This study evaluated the direct cellular responses of human PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) to selected root canal sealers and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). Methods: Disc-shaped specimens of AH Plus (AH; Dentsply Sirona), GuttaFlow 2 (GF; Coltene), GuttaFlow Bioseal (Bio; Coltene), and ProRoot MTA (WMTA) were directly placed onto cultured clonal human PDLSCs (cell line 2–23). Cell viability, gene expression related to proliferation (CCND1, CCNE1), collagen synthesis (COL1, COL3), and mineralization (BMP2, OPN, CEMP1), collagen deposition, mineralized matrix formation, surface characteristics, and Ca2+ release were evaluated using MTT assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histochemical staining, scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ion release analysis. Results: AH exhibited marked cytotoxicity, whereas GF, Bio, and WMTA showed higher cytocompatibility. Bio significantly increased proliferation-related gene expression at 7 days. Although early collagen deposition was lower in the Bio and WMTA groups, both materials induced significantly greater mineralized matrix formation after 28 days, accompanied by upregulation of BMP2, OPN, and CEMP1. WMTA showed a rapid initial Ca2+ release, whereas Bio demonstrated a gradual and sustained release profile. Conclusions: The evaluated materials exhibited distinct cellular effects on PDLSCs. The bioceramic silicone-based sealer (Bio) demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility and promoted mineralization-related responses comparable to WMTA, suggesting its potential to support periapical tissue healing. Therefore, Bio and WMTA may enhance PDLSC viability and mineralization, supporting improved periapical healing and long-term treatment outcomes.
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Original Article
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Gene expression of human coronary artery endothelial cells in response to
Porphyromonas endodontalis invasion - Hee-Joung Kong, Kyoung-Kyu Choi, Sang-Hyuk Park, Jin-Yong Lee, Gi-Woon Choi
- J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(6):537-550. Published online November 30, 2009
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.6.537
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Abstract
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During the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the impact of oral health on atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, some periodontal pathogens including
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis ) have been reported to be relevant to CVD.Porphyromonas endodontalis (P. endodontalis ), which shares approximately 87% sequence homology withP. gingivalis , is mostly found within infected root canals. However, recent studies reveal that this pathogen also resides in the dental plaque or periodontal pocket in patients with periodontitis. It has been shown thatP. endodontalis invades human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC). To evaluate whetherP. endodontalis can participate in the progression of atherosclerosis and CVD, we examined the changes in transcriptional gene expression profiles of HCAEC responding to invasion byP. endodontalis in this study.The following results were obtained.
Porphyromonas endodontalis was invasive of HCAEC.According to the microarray analysis, there were 625 genes upregulated more than two-folds, while there were 154 genes downregulated by half.
Upregulated genes were relevant to inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, coagulation and immune response. Enhanced expression of MMP-1 was also noticeable.
The transcription profiles of the 10 selected genes examined by real-time PCR agreed well with those observed in the microarray analysis.
Thus, these results show that
P. endodontalis presents the potential to trigger and augment atherosclerosis leading to CVD.-
Citations
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- Linkages between oral commensal bacteria and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease patients
Jyoti Chhibber-Goel, Varsha Singhal, Debaleena Bhowmik, Rahul Vivek, Neeraj Parakh, Balram Bhargava, Amit Sharma
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
- Linkages between oral commensal bacteria and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease patients
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