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We report the surgical endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with a lateral lesion that originated from an accessory canal. Although lesions originating from accessory canals frequently heal with simple conventional endodontic therapy, some lesions may need additional and different treatment. In the present case, conventional root canal retreatment led to incomplete healing with the need for further treatment (i.e., surgery). Surgical endodontic management with a fast-setting calcium silicate cement was performed on the accessory canal using a dental operating microscope. At the patient's 9-month recall visit, the lesion was resolved upon radiography.

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• Predictive analysis of root canal morphology in relation to root canal treatment failures: a retrospective study
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  Su-Yeon Ko, Hae Won Choi, E-Deun Jeong, Vinicius Rosa, Yun-Chan Hwang, Mi-Kyung Yu, Kyung-San Min
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Tooth related factors such as palatoradicular groove can be one of the causes for localized periodontal destruction. Such pathological process may result in apicomarginal defect along with inflammation of pulp. This creates challenging situation which clinician must be capable of performing advanced periodontal regenerative procedures for the successful management. This case report discusses clinical management of apicomarginal defect associated with extensive periradicular destruction in a maxillary lateral incisor, along with histopathologic aspect of the lesion.

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• Surgical treatment of apico-marginal defect associated with maxillary incisor teeth with a large periapical lesion using sticky bone & platelet rich fibrin membrane – A case report
  Snigdho Das, Parthasarathi Mondal, Dipanjan Das, Kurchi Mandal, Kallol Kumar Saha
  IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 10(3): 250.     CrossRef
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This case report presents surgical endodontic management outcomes of maxillary incisors that were infected via the lateral canals. Two cases are presented in which endodontically-treated maxillary central incisors had sustained lateral canal infections. A surgical endodontic treatment was performed on both teeth. Flap elevation revealed vertical bone destruction along the root surface and infected lateral canals, and microscopy revealed that the lateral canals were the origin of the lesions. After the infected lateral canals were surgically managed, both teeth were asymptomatic and labial fistulas were resolved. There were no clinical or radiographic signs of surgical endodontic management failure at follow-up visits. This case report highlights the clinical significance and surgical endodontic management of infected lateral canal of maxillary incisor. It is important to be aware of root canal anatomy variability in maxillary incisors. Maxillary central incisors infected via the lateral canal can be successfully managed by surgical endodontic treatment.

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• Surgical Management of Radicular Cyst with Platelet-rich Fibrin Placement followed by Nonvital Bleaching of a Discolored Maxillary Left Central Incisor (21)
  Sagarika Sortey, Gautam Badole, Pratima Shenoi, Rajesh Kubde, Shriya Shahu, Ankita Ramteke, Varsha Uttarwar
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• Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy
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Maxillary lateral incisors usually exhibit a single root with a single canal. However, maxillary lateral incisor teeth with unusual morphology of root canal system are frequently reported. These cases of variable root canal anatomy can be treated well by nonsurgical endodontic methods. A detailed description of root canal morphology is fundamental for successful endodontic treatment. Treatment using an operating microscope, radiographs from different angles, and cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) can produce more predictable endodontic outcomes.

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• An upper left lateral incisor with double roots and double root canals: A case report
  Zhou-Bin Xia, Jing Ren, Jia-Xiang Chen, Yu Wei, Yan Yan, Liang-Ju Cao
  Medicine.2025; 104(26): e42815.     CrossRef
• Endodnontic Management of a Maxillary Lateral Incisor with Two Roots
  Pujan Kranti Kayastha, Merina Shakya, Laxman Poudel
  Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry.2022; 12(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Non-surgical management of dens invaginatus type IIIB in maxillary lateral incisor with three root canals and 6-year follow-up: A case report and review of literature
  Suraj Arora, Gurdeep Singh Gill, Shahabe Abullais Saquib, Priyanka Saluja, Suheel M Baba, Shafait Ullah Khateeb, Anshad M Abdulla, Shashit Shetty Bavabeedu, Ahmed Babiker Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Fadul A Elagib
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• Endodontic management and follow-up of two rooted maxillary lateral incisor with open apex – A case report
  R AnithaKumari, Sneha Jeetendra, Siddharth Rai, Sudhanva Eregowda
  IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.2020; 5(4): 200.     CrossRef
• Geminated Maxillary Lateral Incisor with Two Root Canals
  Nayara Romano, Luis Eduardo Souza-Flamini, Isabela Lima Mendonça, Ricardo Gariba Silva, Antonio Miranda Cruz-Filho
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• Surgical management with intentional replantation on a tooth with palato-radicular groove
  Jorge Forero-López, Luis Gamboa-Martínez, Laura Pico-Porras, Javier Laureano Niño-Barrera
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• Endodontic treatment of maxillary lateral incisors with anatomical variations
  Moon-Hwan Lee, Jung-Hong Ha, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young-Kyung Kim, Sung-Kyo Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(4): 253.     CrossRef

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome accompanied with the abnormal secretion or function of insulin, a hormone that plays a vital role in controlling the blood glucose level (BGL). Type 1and 2 DM are most common form and the prevalence of the latter is recently increasing. The aim of this article was to assess whether Type 2 DM could act as a predisposing risk factor on the pulpo-periapical pathogenesis. Previous literature on the pathologic changes of blood vessels in DM was thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, a histopathologic analysis of artificially-induced periapical specimens obtained from Type 2 diabetic and DM-resistant rats was compared. Histopathologic results demonstrate that the size of periapical bone destruction was larger and the degree of pulpal inflammation was more severe in diabetic rats, indicating that Type 2 DM itself can be a predisposing risk factor that makes the host more susceptible to pulpal infection. The possible reasons may be that in diabetic state the lumen of pulpal blood vessels are thickened by atheromatous deposits, and microcirculation is hindered. The function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte is also impaired and the migration of immune cells is blocked, leading to increased chance of pulpal infection. Also, lack of collateral circulation of pulpal blood vessels makes the pulp more susceptible to infection. These decrease the regeneration capacity of pulpal cells or tissues, delaying the healing process. Therefore, when restorative treatment is needed in Type 2 DM patients, dentists should minimize irritation to the pulpal tissue un der control of BGL.

Citations

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• Pulp necrosis following luxated injury to teeth in a patient with uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus: a case report
  Haneol Shin, Seung-Jong Lee, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 61.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in root canal filled with Resilon by several self-etching primers and methacrylate-based root canal sealer. Seventy single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The canals were instrumented by a crown-down manner with Gate-Glidden drills and .04 Taper Profile to ISO #40. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 15 teeth each according to root canal filling material and self-etching primers and two control groups (positive and negative) of 5 teeth each as follows: group 1 - gutta percha and AH26® sealer; group 2 - Resilon, RealSeal™ primer and RealSeal™ sealer; group 3 - Resilon, Clearfil SE Bond® primer and RealSeal™ sealer group 4 - Resilon, AdheSe® primer and RealSeal™ sealer. Apical leakage was measured by a maximum length of linear dye penetration of roots sectioned longitudinally by diamond disk. Statistical analysis was performed using the One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test. There were no statistical differences in the mean apical dye penetration among the groups 2, 3 and 4 of self-etching primers. And group 1, 2 and 3 had also no statistical difference in apical dye penetration. But, there was statistical difference between group 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). The group 1 showed the least dye penetration. According to the results of this study, Resilon with self-etching primer was not sealed root canal better than gutta precha with AH26® at sealing root canals. And there was no significant difference in apical leakage among the three self-etching primers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obturation efficiency of a non-standardized gutta-percha cone in curved root canals prepared with 0.06 taper nickel-titanium instruments.

Sixty simulated curved root canals in clear resin blocks were prepared with crown-down technique using 0.06 taper rotary ProTaper™ and ProFile (Dentsply-Maillefer) until apical canal was size 30. Root canals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 blocks and obturated with cold-laterally compacted gutta-percha technique by using either a non-standardized size medium gutta-percha cone or an ISO-standardized size 30 one as a master cone. Gutta-percha area ratio were calculated at apical levels of 1, 3, and 5 mm using AutoCAD 2000 after cross-sectioning, and the data were analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVAs and Duncan's multiple range test.

Non-standardized size medium cone groups showed significantly higher gutta-percha area ratio than standardized cone groups at all apical levels (p < 0.01).

Non-standardized cone groups used significantly less accessory cones than standardized cone groups (p < 0.01).

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• Efficiency of Using Different Greater Taper Gutta-Percha Cones in Continuous Warm Vertical Condensation: An Ex Vivo Study
  Mamata Hebbal, Reem Barakat, Rahaf Almohareb, Ghada Alaskar, Lama Alghufaily, Nouf AlFarraj, Alia Albaz
  The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2021; 22(1): 56.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of plugger penetration depth on the apical extrusion of root canal sealer during root canal obturation with Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique.

Root canals of forty extracted human teeth were divided into four groups and were prepared up to size 40 of 0.06 taper with ProFile. After drying, canals of three groups were filled with Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique with System B™ and different plugger penetration depths of 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Canals of one group were filled with cold lateral compaction technique as a control. Canals were filled with non-standardized master gutta-percha cones and 0.02 mL of Sealapex. Apical extruded sealer was collected in a container and weighed. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. 3 and 5 mm penetration depth groups in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique showed significantly more extrusion of root canal sealer than 7 mm penetration depth group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between 7 mm depth group in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique and cold lateral compaction group (p < 0.05).

The result of this study demonstrates that deeper plugger penetration depth causes more extrusion of root canal sealer in root canal obturation by Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique. Therefore, special caution is needed when plugger penetration is deeper in the canal in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique to minimize the amount of sealer extrusion beyond apex.

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• Influence of plugger penetration depth on the area of the canal space occupied by gutta-percha
  Young Mi Lee, Ho-young So, Young Kyung Kim, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 66.     CrossRef