Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Physicochemical characterization of two bulk fill composites at different depths: Guillermo Grazioli, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Leina Nakanishi, Alejandro Francia, Rafael Ratto de Moraes; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e39. Published online July 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e39

Objectives

This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250).

Materials and Methods

Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results

Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0–1 mm and 1–2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2–3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3–4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0–1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3–4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0–1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3–4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm.

Conclusions

The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Translucency of bulk‐fill composite materials: A systematic review
Gaetano Paolone, Sofia Baldani, Niccolò De Masi, Mauro Mandurino, Giacomo Collivasone, Nicola Scotti, Enrico Gherlone, Giuseppe Cantatore
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(7): 995. CrossRef
Can composite packaging and selective enamel etching affect the clinical behavior of bulk-fill composite resin in posterior restorations? 24-month results of a randomized clinical trial
Marcos de Oliveira BARCELEIRO, Chane TARDEM, Elisa Gomes ALBUQUERQUE, Leticia de Souza LOPES, Stella Soares MARINS, Luiz Augusto POUBEL, Roberta BARCELOS, Romina ÑAUPARI-VILLASANTE, Alessandro Dourado LOGUERCIO, Fernanda Signorelli CALAZANS
Journal of Applied Oral Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
No-Cap Flowable Bulk-Fill Composite: Physico-Mechanical Assessment
Abdullah Alshehri, Feras Alhalabi, Ali Robaian, Mohammed A. S. Abuelqomsan, Abdulrahman Alshabib, Eman Ismail, Faisal Alzamil, Nawaf Alotaibi, Hamad Algamaiah
Polymers.2023; 15(8): 1847. CrossRef
The Microhardness and Surface Roughness Assessment of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Treated with and without the Application of an Oxygen-Inhibited Layer and a Polishing System: An In Vitro Study
Ann Carrillo-Marcos, Giuliany Salazar-Correa, Leonor Castro-Ramirez, Marysela Ladera-Castañeda, Carlos López-Gurreonero, Hernán Cachay-Criado, Ana Aliaga-Mariñas, Alberto Cornejo-Pinto, Luis Cervantes-Ganoza, César Félix Cayo-Rojas
Polymers.2022; 14(15): 3053. CrossRef

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Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to composite submitted to different surface pretreatments: Victor Hugo dos Santos, Sandro Griza, Rafael Ratto de Moraes, André Luis Faria-e-Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(1):12-16. Published online January 20, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.1.12

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Extensively destroyed teeth are commonly restored with composite resin before cavity preparation for indirect restorations. The longevity of the restoration can be related to the proper bonding of the resin cement to the composite. This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength of two self-adhesive resin cements to composite resin.

Materials and Methods

Composite discs were subject to one of six different surface pretreatments: none (control), 35% phosphoric acid etching for 30 seconds (PA), application of silane (silane), PA + silane, PA + adhesive, or PA + silane + adhesive (n = 6). A silicone mold containing a cylindrical orifice (1 mm² diameter) was placed over the composite resin. RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) or BisCem (Bisco Inc.) self-adhesive resin cement was inserted into the orifices and light-cured. Self-adhesive cement cylinders were submitted to shear loading. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results

Independent of the cement used, the PA + Silane + Adhesive group showed higher microshear bond strength than those of the PA and PA + Silane groups. There was no difference among the other treatments. Unicem presented higher bond strength than BisCem for all experimental conditions.

Conclusions

Pretreatments of the composite resin surface might have an effect on the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to this substrate.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An Innovative Method of Permanent Retention on Veneered Crowns
Yugandhar Garlapati, Sampath Krishna Veni, Jashva Vamsi Kogila, Polisetty Siva Krishna, K. N. Anand Kumar
Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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RI Farah
Operative Dentistry.2025; 50(2): 194. CrossRef
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European Journal of Dentistry.2023; 17(04): 1020. CrossRef
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Alexandros Galanopoulos, Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Petros Mourouzis, Kosmas Tolidis
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Artak Heboyan, Anna Vardanyan, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Tatevik Avagyan, Hamid Tebyaniyan, Mohammed Mustafa, Dinesh Rokaya, Anna Avetisyan
Molecules.2023; 28(4): 1619. CrossRef
Effect of full-step versus simplified resin cement luting strategies on the push-out bond strength of indirect resin composite restorations bonded to dentin
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Cristian Abad-Coronel, Belén Naranjo, Pamela Valdiviezo
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S. Kutalmış Buyuk, Ahmet Serkan Kucukekenci
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Ceramic repairs with resins: silanization protocols
Teresa Cristina Vasconcelos dos Santos
Journal of Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Adhesive bonding to polymer infiltrated ceramic
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Cristina Parise Gré, Renan C de Ré Silveira, Shizuma Shibata, Carlo TR Lago, Luiz CC Vieira
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2016; 17(2): 149. CrossRef
Effects of air abrasion with alumina or glass beads on surface characteristics of CAD/CAM composite materials and the bond strength of resin cements
ARAO Nobuaki, YOSHIDA Keiichi, SAWASE Takashi
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