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- Comparative study of the effectiveness of different bleaching agents on blood-colored extracted teeth and investigation of recoloring after bleaching: an in vitro experimental study
- Gülşen Arslan, Akın Aladağ, Ayşegül Demirbaş, Murat Türkün
- Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(3):e22. Published online July 9, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e22
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Abstract
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ePub - Objectives
This study evaluated the efficacy of three distinct bleaching agents over time on blood-stained, devitalized teeth. Furthermore, the recoloring subsequent to bleaching will be monitored.
Methods
The study was conducted on 60 caries-free, unfilled, upper human incisors. The Freccia and Peters blood staining technique was employed, and four groups (n = 15) were identified: control, 35% hydrogen peroxide-treated, 37% carbamide peroxide-treated, and sodium perborate-treated groups. Color differences were measured using ΔE00, ΔWID, L*, a*, and b* values. To investigate tooth discoloration after bleaching, 10 unbleached teeth with three groups of 10 bleached teeth were compared by vine staining. The group of bleached teeth was restored immediately, another group waited one week, and the third group had sodium ascorbate applied and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance tests (p < 0.05).
Results
Among the groups, carbamide peroxide exhibited the most significant whitening during the 6-day bleaching process, followed by hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Subsequent examination of the wine recoloring of post-bleaching samples demonstrated that bleached teeth exhibited a heightened propensity for recoloration in contrast to unbleached teeth. Notably, sodium ascorbate treatments for hydrogen peroxide neutralization and the wait-and-restore approach were not statistically significant in terms of preventing recoloration.
Conclusions
Sodium perborate is less effective and more time-consuming than hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide for bleaching purposes. Carbamide peroxide is the most effective bleaching agent. The sodium ascorbate treatment and the wait-and-restore approach are ineffective in preventing recoloring. Bleached teeth have more discoloration than unbleached teeth.
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- Surface properties and susceptibility to staining of a resin composite after brushing with different whitening toothpastes
- Aline da Silva Barros, Carolina Meneghin Barbosa, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, Laura Nobre Ferraz
- Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(1):e6. Published online February 26, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e6
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Objectives
This study investigated the effects of different whitening toothpaste (WT) on the surface properties and staining susceptibility of a resin composite.
Methods
Cylindrical samples were prepared with a micro-hybrid resin composite and were randomized into groups according to the toothpaste (n = 12): distilled water (DW), regular toothpaste (RT), WT with silica + pyrophosphate (WT-S/P), WT with pentaphosphate and pyrophosphate (WT-P/P), WT with hydrogen peroxide and pyrophosphate (WT-HP/P) and WT with charcoal and pyrophosphate (WT-Ch/P). The samples were brushed for 825 cycles in an automatic brushing machine, simulating 30 days of brushing. After that, an immersion in coffee (10 mL/sample) was performed for 30 minutes for 30 days. The analyses of color, surface microhardness (SMH), and surface roughness (Ra) were performed at the initial time, after brushing with toothpaste and after immersion in coffee. The ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔEab, Δand E00 values were calculated comparing after toothpaste with initial time and after coffee with after toothpaste. Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model for repeated measures (SMH), Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests, with α = 0.05.
Results
For ΔL*, the WT-Ch/P group had the lowest values and differed from the other groups comparing the after toothpaste with the initial time interval (p < 0.001). The WT-Ch/P group had the lowest SMH values in after-toothpaste time (p < 0.001). In after-toothpaste time and after coffee time, the WT-S/P group had the highest Ra values and differed from the groups except the WT-Ch/P group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The toothpaste composition affects the surface characteristics and susceptibility to staining of the resin composite. The charcoal-based toothpaste had the worst performance for the color analyses and SMH.
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- Effect of irrigants on the color stability, solubility, and surface characteristics of calcium-silicate based cements
- Selen Küçükkaya Eren, Sevinc Askerbeyli Örs, Hacer Aksel, Şenay Canay, Duygu Karasan
- Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e10. Published online February 10, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e10
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the color stability, solubility, and surface characteristics of 3 calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) after immersion in different solutions.
Materials and Methods ProRoot white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) were placed in cylindrical molds and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. Each specimen was immersed in distilled water, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine, or 0.1% octenidine hydrochloride (OCT) for 24 hours. Color changes were measured with a spectrophotometer. Solubility was determined using an analytical balance with 10−5 g accuracy. The surface characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and the paired
t -test.Results MTA exhibited significant discoloration in contact with NaOCl (
p < 0.05). White precipitation occurred on the surfaces of Biodentine and ERRM after contact with the solutions, and none of the materials presented dark brown discoloration. All materials showed significant solubility after immersion in the solutions (p < 0.05), irrespective of the solution type (p > 0.05). The surface topography and elemental composition of the samples showed different patterns of crystal formation and precipitation depending on the solution type.Conclusions All materials presented some amount of solubility and showed crystal precipitation after contact with the solutions. Biodentine and ERRM are suitable alternatives to ProRoot MTA as they do not exhibit discoloration. The use of OCT can be considered safe for CSCs.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - How Does Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Irrigation Affect Biodentine? A Multimethod Ex Vivo Study
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Bioengineering.2023; 10(3): 354. CrossRef - Effect of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers on tooth color: A 3-year in vitro experimental study
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- 1,941 View
- 32 Download
- 12 Web of Science
- 16 Crossref
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