Effect of each light curing units on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin

Eu-Jin Jung; Hee-Joo Lee; Bock Hur

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.1.058

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Original Article Effect of each light curing units on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin: Eu-Jin Jung, Hee-Joo Lee, Bock Hur; 2004;29(1):-65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.1.058
Published online: January 31, 2004

Department of Conservative dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Eu-Jin Jung. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Collage of Dentisry, Pusan National University, 1-10, Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Pusan, 602-739, Korea. Tel: 051)240-7454, carrot31@freechal.com

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The objectives of this study was to evaluate current visible light curing units regarding microhardness and microleakage. Fourty samples of composite resin(Z-250, 3M) were cured by different light curing units(Flipo, LOKKI; Credi II, 3M; XL 3000, 3M; Optilux 500,Demetron) in acrylic blocks. Microhardness was measured using a calibrated Vickers indenter on both top and bottom surfaces after 24 hours of storage in air at room temperature. Class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of fourty extracted human molars. Each margin was on enamel and dentin/cementum. Composite resin(Z-250, 3M) was filled in cavities and cured by four different light curing units(Flipo, LOKKI; Credi II, 3M; XL 3000, 3M; Optilux 500, Demetron).

The results of this syudy were as follows:

Microhardness

1. Flipo showed low microhardness compared to Optilux 500, Credi II significantly in upper surface. Flipo didn't show a significant difference compared to XL 3000.

2. The microhardness resulting from curing with Flipo was lower than that of others on lower surfaces.

Microleakage

1. Dentin margin showed significantly high dye penetration rate than enamel margin in all groups(p<0.05).

2. No significant differences were found on both enamel and dentin margin regarding curing units.
Keywords: Plasma arc; Microleakage; Microhardness

Fig. 1

Diagram of acrylic plastic mold showing light tip in position over resin sample.

Fig. 2

Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Fig. 3

The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

Table 1

Light curing mode

Table 2

The ratings of the dye penetration

Table 3

Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Table 4

Microhardness of upper and lower surface cured by each light curing unit

Table 5

Statistical difference of upper and lower surface

^*Different Tukey letters denote statistically different groups

Table 6

The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

^*Same Tukey letters denote statistically same groups

REFERENCES

1. Sakaguchi RL, Peters MC, Nelson SR, Douglas WH, Poort HW. Effects of polymerization contraction in composite restorations. J Dent. 1992;20: 178-182.Article PubMed
2. Gerzina TM, Hume WR. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the diffusion of monomers through dentin in vitro. J Dent Res. 1995;74: 369-373.Article PubMed PDF
3. Geurtsen W. Substances released from dental resin composites and glass ionomer cements. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(2 Pt 2):687-695 Review.Article PubMed PDF
4. Hamid A, Okamoto A, Iwaku M, Hume WR. Component release from light-activated glass ionomer and compomer cements. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25: 94-98.Article PubMed PDF
5. Vargas MA, Cobb DS, Schmit JL. Polymerization of composite resins: argon laser vs conventional light. Oper Dent. 1998;23: 87-93.PubMed
6. Venhoven BA, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and conversion of light-curing bis GMA-based methacrylate resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14: 871-875.Article PubMed
7. Davidson CL, de Gee AJ. Relaxation of polymerization contraction stresses by flow in dental composites. J Dent Res. 1984;63: 146-148.Article PubMed PDF
8. Tarle Z, Meniga A, Ristic M, Sutalo J, Pichler G, Davidson CL. The effect of the photopolymerization method on the quality of composite resin samples. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25: 436-442.Article PubMed PDF
9. Mehl A, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Physical properties and gap formation of light-cured composites with and without 'softstart-polymerization'. J Dent. 1997;25: 321-330.Article PubMed
10. Uno S, Asmussen A. Marginal adaptation of a restorative resin polymerized at reduced rate. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99: 440-444.Article PubMed
11. Tirtha R, Fan PL, Dennison JB, Powers JM. In vitro depth of cure of photo-activated composite. J Dent Res. 1982;61: 1184-1187.Article PubMed PDF
12. Sturdevant CM. The art and science of operative dentistry. 1995;3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby; 260.
13. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr. Effect of light intensity and exposure duration on cure of resin composite. Oper Dent. 1994;19: 26-32.PubMed
14. Curtis JW, Rueggeberg FA, Lee AJ. Curing efficiency of the turbo tip. Gen Dent. 1995;43: 428-433.PubMed
15. Loney RW, Price RBT. Temperature transmission of high-output light-curing units through dentin. Oper Dent. 2001;26: 516-520.PubMed
16. Bouschlicher MR, Heiner AD. Polymerization shrinkage force with xenon short arc or QTH photoillumination. J Dent Res. 2001;80(Special Issue):253. Abstract #1737.
17. Haitz RH, Craford MG, Wiessman RH. Handbook of optics. 1995;vol 2: New York: McGraw Hill; 12.1-12.9.
18. Nakamura S, Mukai T, Senoh M. Candela-class high brightness InGaN/AlGaN double heterostructure blue-light-emitting diodes. Appl Phys Lett. 1994;64: 1687-1689.Article PDF
19. Rueggeberg FA, Craig RG. Correlation of parameters used to estimate monomer conversion in a light-cured composite. J Dent Res. 1988;67: 932-937.Article PubMed PDF
20. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr. Factors affecting cure at depths within light-activated resin composite. Am J Dent. 1993;6: 91-95.PubMed
21. Yearn JA. Factors affecting cure of visible light activated composites. Int Dent J. 1985;35: 218-225.PubMed
22. McCabe JF, Carrick TE. Output from visible-light activation units and depth of cure of light-activated composite. J Dent Res. 1989;68: 1534-1539.Article PubMed PDF
23. Price RB, Dérand T, Loney RW, Andreou P. Effect of light source and specimen thickness on the surface hardness of resin composite. Am J Dent. 2002;15: 47-53.PubMed
24. Cook WD. Spectral distribution of dental photopolymerizing sources. J Dent Res. 1982;61: 1436-1438.Article PubMed PDF
25. Park SH, Krejci I, Lutz F. Microhardness of resin composites polymerized by plasma arc or conventional visible light curing. Oper Dent. 2002;27: 30-37.PubMed
26. Gagliani M, Fadini L, Ritzmann JM. Depth of cure efficacy of high-power curing devices vs traditional halogen lamps. J Adhes Dent. 2002;4: 41-47.PubMed
27. Sharkey S, Roy N, Burke F, Ziada H, Hannigun A. Surface hardness of light-activated resin composites cured by two different visible-light sources:An invitro study. Quintessence Int. 2001;32: 401-405.PubMed
28. Johnston W, Leung R, Fan P. Amathematical model for post-irradiation hardening of photoactivated composite resins. Dent Mater. 1985;1: 191-194.Article PubMed
29. Martin FE. A survey of the efficiency of visible light curing units. J Dent. 1998;26: 239-243.Article PubMed
30. Mitton BA, Wilson NHF. The use and maintenance of visible light activating units in general practice. Br Dent J. 2001;191: 82-86.Article PubMed
31. Sakaguchi RL, Douglas WH, Peters MC. Curing light performance and polymerization of composite restorative materials. J Dent. 1992;20: 183-188.Article PubMed
32. Solomon CS, Osman YI. Evaluating the efficacy of curing lights. SADJ. 1999;54: 357-362.PubMed
33. Miyazaki M, Hattori T, Ichiishi Y, Kondo M, Onose H, Moore B. Evaluation of curing units used in dental office. Oper Dent. 1998;23: 50-54.PubMed
34. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Roberts HR, Hilton TJ, Zionic A. Determination of the minimum irradiance required for adequate polymerization of a hybrid and a microfill composite. Oper Dent. 2001;26: 176-180.
35. Prati C, Chersoni S, Montebugnoli L, Montanari G. Effect of air, dentin and resin-based composite thickness on light intensity reduction. Am J Dent. 1999;12: 231-234.PubMed
36. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Hilton TJ. Effect of curing-tip diameter on the accuracy of dental radiometers. Oper Dent. 1999;24: 31-37.PubMed
37. Rueggeberg FA, Jordan DM. Effect of light-tip distance on polymerization of resin composite. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6: 364-370.PubMed
38. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr, Davis HC. Factors affecting cure at depths within light-activated resin composites. Am J Dent. 1993;6: 91-95.PubMed
39. Venhoven BAM, De Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and converson of light-curing Bis-GMA-based methacrylate Resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14: 871-875.Article PubMed
40. Brackett WW, Haisch LDA, Covey DA. Effect of plasma arc curing on the microleakage of Class V resin-based composite restorations. Am J Dent. 2000;13: 121-123.PubMed
41. Feilzer AJ, Dooren LH, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Influence of light intensity on polymerization shrinkage and integrity of restoration-cavity interface. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103: 322-326.Article PubMed
42. Sakaguchi RL, Peters MC, Nelson SR, Douglas WH. Effects of polymerization contraction in composite restorations. J Dent. 1992;20: 178-182.Article PubMed
43. Peutzfeldt A, Sahafi A, Asmussen E. Characterization of resin composites polymerized with plasma arc curing units. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 330-336.Article PubMed
44. Uno S, Asmussen E. Marginal adaptation of a restorative resin polymerized at reduced rate. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99: 440-444.Article PubMed
45. Rueggeberg F. Contemporary issues in photocuring. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 1999;(25):S4-S15.PubMed
46. Hofmann N, Hugo B, Schubert K, Klaiber B. Comparison between a plasma arc light source and conventional halogen curing units regarding flexural strength, modulus and hardness of photoactivated resin composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2000;4: 140-147.Article PubMed PDF
47. Davidson-Kaban SS, Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. The effect of curing light variations on bulk curing and wall-to-wall quality of two types and various shades of resin composite. Dent Mater. 1997;13: 344-352.PubMed
48. Ferracane JL. Correlation between hardness and degree of conversion during the setting reaction of unfilled dental restorative resins. Dent Mater. 1985;1: 11-14.Article PubMed
49. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Hilton TJ. Effect of curing-tip diameter on the accuracy of dental radiometers. Oper Dent. 1999;24: 31-37.PubMed

Tables & Figures

Fig. 1

Diagram of acrylic plastic mold showing light tip in position over resin sample.

Fig. 2

Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Fig. 3

The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

Table 1

Light curing mode

Table 2

The ratings of the dye penetration

Table 3

Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Table 4

Microhardness of upper and lower surface cured by each light curing unit

Table 5

Statistical difference of upper and lower surface

^*Different Tukey letters denote statistically different groups

Table 6

The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

^*Same Tukey letters denote statistically same groups

REFERENCES

1. Sakaguchi RL, Peters MC, Nelson SR, Douglas WH, Poort HW. Effects of polymerization contraction in composite restorations. J Dent. 1992;20: 178-182.Article PubMed
2. Gerzina TM, Hume WR. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the diffusion of monomers through dentin in vitro. J Dent Res. 1995;74: 369-373.Article PubMed PDF
3. Geurtsen W. Substances released from dental resin composites and glass ionomer cements. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(2 Pt 2):687-695 Review.Article PubMed PDF
4. Hamid A, Okamoto A, Iwaku M, Hume WR. Component release from light-activated glass ionomer and compomer cements. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25: 94-98.Article PubMed PDF
5. Vargas MA, Cobb DS, Schmit JL. Polymerization of composite resins: argon laser vs conventional light. Oper Dent. 1998;23: 87-93.PubMed
6. Venhoven BA, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and conversion of light-curing bis GMA-based methacrylate resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14: 871-875.Article PubMed
7. Davidson CL, de Gee AJ. Relaxation of polymerization contraction stresses by flow in dental composites. J Dent Res. 1984;63: 146-148.Article PubMed PDF
8. Tarle Z, Meniga A, Ristic M, Sutalo J, Pichler G, Davidson CL. The effect of the photopolymerization method on the quality of composite resin samples. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25: 436-442.Article PubMed PDF
9. Mehl A, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Physical properties and gap formation of light-cured composites with and without 'softstart-polymerization'. J Dent. 1997;25: 321-330.Article PubMed
10. Uno S, Asmussen A. Marginal adaptation of a restorative resin polymerized at reduced rate. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99: 440-444.Article PubMed
11. Tirtha R, Fan PL, Dennison JB, Powers JM. In vitro depth of cure of photo-activated composite. J Dent Res. 1982;61: 1184-1187.Article PubMed PDF
12. Sturdevant CM. The art and science of operative dentistry. 1995;3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby; 260.
13. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr. Effect of light intensity and exposure duration on cure of resin composite. Oper Dent. 1994;19: 26-32.PubMed
14. Curtis JW, Rueggeberg FA, Lee AJ. Curing efficiency of the turbo tip. Gen Dent. 1995;43: 428-433.PubMed
15. Loney RW, Price RBT. Temperature transmission of high-output light-curing units through dentin. Oper Dent. 2001;26: 516-520.PubMed
16. Bouschlicher MR, Heiner AD. Polymerization shrinkage force with xenon short arc or QTH photoillumination. J Dent Res. 2001;80(Special Issue):253. Abstract #1737.
17. Haitz RH, Craford MG, Wiessman RH. Handbook of optics. 1995;vol 2: New York: McGraw Hill; 12.1-12.9.
18. Nakamura S, Mukai T, Senoh M. Candela-class high brightness InGaN/AlGaN double heterostructure blue-light-emitting diodes. Appl Phys Lett. 1994;64: 1687-1689.Article PDF
19. Rueggeberg FA, Craig RG. Correlation of parameters used to estimate monomer conversion in a light-cured composite. J Dent Res. 1988;67: 932-937.Article PubMed PDF
20. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr. Factors affecting cure at depths within light-activated resin composite. Am J Dent. 1993;6: 91-95.PubMed
21. Yearn JA. Factors affecting cure of visible light activated composites. Int Dent J. 1985;35: 218-225.PubMed
22. McCabe JF, Carrick TE. Output from visible-light activation units and depth of cure of light-activated composite. J Dent Res. 1989;68: 1534-1539.Article PubMed PDF
23. Price RB, Dérand T, Loney RW, Andreou P. Effect of light source and specimen thickness on the surface hardness of resin composite. Am J Dent. 2002;15: 47-53.PubMed
24. Cook WD. Spectral distribution of dental photopolymerizing sources. J Dent Res. 1982;61: 1436-1438.Article PubMed PDF
25. Park SH, Krejci I, Lutz F. Microhardness of resin composites polymerized by plasma arc or conventional visible light curing. Oper Dent. 2002;27: 30-37.PubMed
26. Gagliani M, Fadini L, Ritzmann JM. Depth of cure efficacy of high-power curing devices vs traditional halogen lamps. J Adhes Dent. 2002;4: 41-47.PubMed
27. Sharkey S, Roy N, Burke F, Ziada H, Hannigun A. Surface hardness of light-activated resin composites cured by two different visible-light sources:An invitro study. Quintessence Int. 2001;32: 401-405.PubMed
28. Johnston W, Leung R, Fan P. Amathematical model for post-irradiation hardening of photoactivated composite resins. Dent Mater. 1985;1: 191-194.Article PubMed
29. Martin FE. A survey of the efficiency of visible light curing units. J Dent. 1998;26: 239-243.Article PubMed
30. Mitton BA, Wilson NHF. The use and maintenance of visible light activating units in general practice. Br Dent J. 2001;191: 82-86.Article PubMed
31. Sakaguchi RL, Douglas WH, Peters MC. Curing light performance and polymerization of composite restorative materials. J Dent. 1992;20: 183-188.Article PubMed
32. Solomon CS, Osman YI. Evaluating the efficacy of curing lights. SADJ. 1999;54: 357-362.PubMed
33. Miyazaki M, Hattori T, Ichiishi Y, Kondo M, Onose H, Moore B. Evaluation of curing units used in dental office. Oper Dent. 1998;23: 50-54.PubMed
34. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Roberts HR, Hilton TJ, Zionic A. Determination of the minimum irradiance required for adequate polymerization of a hybrid and a microfill composite. Oper Dent. 2001;26: 176-180.
35. Prati C, Chersoni S, Montebugnoli L, Montanari G. Effect of air, dentin and resin-based composite thickness on light intensity reduction. Am J Dent. 1999;12: 231-234.PubMed
36. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Hilton TJ. Effect of curing-tip diameter on the accuracy of dental radiometers. Oper Dent. 1999;24: 31-37.PubMed
37. Rueggeberg FA, Jordan DM. Effect of light-tip distance on polymerization of resin composite. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6: 364-370.PubMed
38. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr, Davis HC. Factors affecting cure at depths within light-activated resin composites. Am J Dent. 1993;6: 91-95.PubMed
39. Venhoven BAM, De Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and converson of light-curing Bis-GMA-based methacrylate Resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14: 871-875.Article PubMed
40. Brackett WW, Haisch LDA, Covey DA. Effect of plasma arc curing on the microleakage of Class V resin-based composite restorations. Am J Dent. 2000;13: 121-123.PubMed
41. Feilzer AJ, Dooren LH, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Influence of light intensity on polymerization shrinkage and integrity of restoration-cavity interface. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103: 322-326.Article PubMed
42. Sakaguchi RL, Peters MC, Nelson SR, Douglas WH. Effects of polymerization contraction in composite restorations. J Dent. 1992;20: 178-182.Article PubMed
43. Peutzfeldt A, Sahafi A, Asmussen E. Characterization of resin composites polymerized with plasma arc curing units. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 330-336.Article PubMed
44. Uno S, Asmussen E. Marginal adaptation of a restorative resin polymerized at reduced rate. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99: 440-444.Article PubMed
45. Rueggeberg F. Contemporary issues in photocuring. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 1999;(25):S4-S15.PubMed
46. Hofmann N, Hugo B, Schubert K, Klaiber B. Comparison between a plasma arc light source and conventional halogen curing units regarding flexural strength, modulus and hardness of photoactivated resin composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2000;4: 140-147.Article PubMed PDF
47. Davidson-Kaban SS, Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. The effect of curing light variations on bulk curing and wall-to-wall quality of two types and various shades of resin composite. Dent Mater. 1997;13: 344-352.PubMed
48. Ferracane JL. Correlation between hardness and degree of conversion during the setting reaction of unfilled dental restorative resins. Dent Mater. 1985;1: 11-14.Article PubMed
49. Leonard DL, Charlton DG, Hilton TJ. Effect of curing-tip diameter on the accuracy of dental radiometers. Oper Dent. 1999;24: 31-37.PubMed

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Comparison of Surface Microhardness of the Flowable Bulk-Fill Resin and the Packable Bulk-Fill Resin according to Light Curing Time and Distance
Hyung-Min Kim, Moon-Jin Jeong, Hee-Jung Lim, Do-Seon Lim
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2023; 23(2): 123. CrossRef

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Effect of each light curing units on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2004;29(1):58-65. Published online January 31, 2004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.1.058

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Effect of each light curing units on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin

Fig. 1 Diagram of acrylic plastic mold showing light tip in position over resin sample.

Fig. 2 Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Fig. 3 The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Effect of each light curing units on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin

Table 1

Light curing mode

Table 2

The ratings of the dye penetration

Table 3

Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Table 4

Microhardness of upper and lower surface cured by each light curing unit

Table 5

Statistical difference of upper and lower surface

^*Different Tukey letters denote statistically different groups

Table 6

The ratings of the dye penetration at enamel and dentin margin

^*Same Tukey letters denote statistically same groups

Table 1 Light curing mode

Table 2 The ratings of the dye penetration

Table 3 Microhardness of upper and lower surface

Table 4 Microhardness of upper and lower surface cured by each light curing unit