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Original Article Effect of additional coating of bonding resin on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin
Moon-Kyung Jung1, Byeong-Hoon Cho1,2,3,*, Ho-Hyun Son1,2, Chung-Moon Um1,2, Young-Chul Han1, Sae-Joon Choung1
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(2):-112.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.2.103
Published online: January 14, 2006

1Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

2Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

3Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

*Corresponding Author: Byeong-Hoon Cho, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University. 28-2 Yeongun-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-749, Tel: +82-2-2072-3514 Fax: +82-2-764-3514, E-mail: chobh@snu.ac.kr
• Received: October 6, 2005   • Revised: December 27, 2005   • Accepted: February 16, 2006

Copyright © 2006 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • This study investigated the hypothesis that the dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesive (SEA) might be improved by applying additional layer of bonding resin that might alleviate the pH difference between the SEA and the restorative composite resin. Two SEAs were used in this study; Experimental SEA (Exp, pH: 1.96) and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE, USA, pH: 1.0). In the control groups, they were applied with two sequential coats. In the experimental groups, after applying the first coat of assigned SEAs, the D/E bonding resin of All-Bond 2 (Bisco Inc., USA, pH: 6.9) was applied as the intermediate adhesive. Z-250 (3M ESPE, USA) composite resin was built-up in order to prepare hourglass-shaped specimens. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured and the effect of the intermediate layer on the bond strength was analyzed for each SEA using t-test. The fracture mode of each specimen was inspected using stereomicroscope and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). When D/E bonding resin was applied as the second coat, MTBS was significantly higher than that of the control groups. The incidence of the failure between the adhesive and the composite or between the adhesive and dentin decreased and that of the failure within the adhesive layer increased. According to the results, applying the bonding resin of neutral pH can increase the bond strength of SEAs by alleviating the difference in acidity between the SEA and restorative composite resin.
  • Keywords: Self-etching adhesive; Microtensile bond strength test; pH; Intermediate layer; Fracture mode
Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the specimen preparation.
jkacd-31-103f1.jpg
Figure 2.
Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) to dentin. When D/E bonding resin was used as the second coat over the first coat of SEA, the MTBS of each SEA increased significantly.
jkacd-31-103f2.jpg

Abbreviations. Exp: Experimental self-etching adhesive; D/E: D/E bonding resin of All-Bond 2; Adp: Adper Prompt.

Figure 3.
FE-SEM micrograph of two coats of the Experimental SEA. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) fractured surface of dentin side. Dentinal tubules were seen (arrow). Failures at the bottom or at the top of the hybrid layer locating between the adhesive layer and the dentin was observed.
jkacd-31-103f3.jpg
Figure 4.
FE-SEM micrograph of the Experimental SEA and D/E bonding resin. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) corresponding surface of dentin side. Fracture within the adhesive layer was observed as smooth surface. The fracture plane deviated into the composite resin (arrow).
jkacd-31-103f4.jpg
Figure 5.
FE-SEM micrograph of two coats of Adper Prompt. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) fractured surface of dentin side. Honeycomb appearance with much irregular voids was seen in dentin side (B).
jkacd-31-103f5.jpg
Figure 6.
FE-SEM micrograph of Adper Prompt and D/E bonding resin. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) corresponding surface of dentin side. The failure was classified as a mixed one.
jkacd-31-103f6.jpg
Table 1.
Composition of the materials used in this study
Composition of the materials Manufacturer
Adper Prompt Liquid 1: 3M ESPE,
  Methacrylated phosphoric esters St. Paul. MN, USA
  Bis-GMA
  Initiators based on camphoroquinone
  Stabilizers
Liquid 2:
  Water
  2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)
  Polyalkenoic acid
  Stabilizers
Experimental self-etching adhesive Ethylene glycol methacrylate Phosphate (EGMP)
MONO-2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl phthalate (MEP)
Urethane dimethacrylate
2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate Ethanol
D/E resin of All-Bond2 Bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate Bisco, Itasca, IL, USA
Urethane dimetyhacrylate
Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Z-250 Matrix: 3M ESPE,
  UDMA, Bis-EMA and Bis-GMA St. Paul. MN, USA
Filler:
  Zirconium glass and Coloidal silica
Table 2.
Fracture modes of tested specimens
Fracture modes Exp 2coat Exp + D/E Adp 2coat Adp + D/E
Composite resin cohesive 4 0 3 6
Composite resin - Adhesive layer 0 3 16 0
Within adhesive layer 0 7 1 7
Adhesive layer - Dentin 16 6 2 5
Dentin cohesive 0 1 0 0
Mixed
 1
 5
 0
 3
Total 21 22 22 21

Abreviations. Exp: Experimental adhesive; D/E: D/E bonding resin of All-Bond2; Adp: Adper Prompt.

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    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Effect of an intermediate bonding resin and flowable resin on the compatibility of two-step total etching adhesives with a self-curing composite resin
      Sook-Kyung Choi, Ji-Wan Yum, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
      Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 397.     CrossRef
    • Aging effect on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives
      JS Park, JS Kim, MS Kim, HH Son, HC Kwon, BH Cho
      Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(6): 415.     CrossRef

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      Effect of additional coating of bonding resin on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin
      J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(2):103-112.   Published online January 14, 2006
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.2.103
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    Effect of additional coating of bonding resin on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin
    Image Image Image Image Image Image
    Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the specimen preparation.
    Figure 2. Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) to dentin. When D/E bonding resin was used as the second coat over the first coat of SEA, the MTBS of each SEA increased significantly.
    Figure 3. FE-SEM micrograph of two coats of the Experimental SEA. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) fractured surface of dentin side. Dentinal tubules were seen (arrow). Failures at the bottom or at the top of the hybrid layer locating between the adhesive layer and the dentin was observed.
    Figure 4. FE-SEM micrograph of the Experimental SEA and D/E bonding resin. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) corresponding surface of dentin side. Fracture within the adhesive layer was observed as smooth surface. The fracture plane deviated into the composite resin (arrow).
    Figure 5. FE-SEM micrograph of two coats of Adper Prompt. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) fractured surface of dentin side. Honeycomb appearance with much irregular voids was seen in dentin side (B).
    Figure 6. FE-SEM micrograph of Adper Prompt and D/E bonding resin. (A) fractured surface of resin side. (B) corresponding surface of dentin side. The failure was classified as a mixed one.

    Figure 1.

    Figure 2.

    Figure 3.

    Figure 4.

    Figure 5.

    Figure 6.

    Effect of additional coating of bonding resin on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin
    Composition of the materials Manufacturer
    Adper Prompt Liquid 1: 3M ESPE,
      Methacrylated phosphoric esters St. Paul. MN, USA
      Bis-GMA
      Initiators based on camphoroquinone
      Stabilizers
    Liquid 2:
      Water
      2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)
      Polyalkenoic acid
      Stabilizers
    Experimental self-etching adhesive Ethylene glycol methacrylate Phosphate (EGMP)
    MONO-2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl phthalate (MEP)
    Urethane dimethacrylate
    2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate Ethanol
    D/E resin of All-Bond2 Bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate Bisco, Itasca, IL, USA
    Urethane dimetyhacrylate
    Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
    Z-250 Matrix: 3M ESPE,
      UDMA, Bis-EMA and Bis-GMA St. Paul. MN, USA
    Filler:
      Zirconium glass and Coloidal silica
    Fracture modes Exp 2coat Exp + D/E Adp 2coat Adp + D/E
    Composite resin cohesive 4 0 3 6
    Composite resin - Adhesive layer 0 3 16 0
    Within adhesive layer 0 7 1 7
    Adhesive layer - Dentin 16 6 2 5
    Dentin cohesive 0 1 0 0
    Mixed
    		 1
    		 5
    		 0
    		 3
    Total 21 22 22 21
    Table 1. Composition of the materials used in this study

    Table 2. Fracture modes of tested specimens

    Abreviations. Exp: Experimental adhesive; D/E: D/E bonding resin of All-Bond2; Adp: Adper Prompt.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

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