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Original Article THE DYNAMIC CHANGE OF ARTIFICIALLY DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL BY DEGREE OF SATURATION OF REMINERALIZATION SOLUTION AT pH 4.3
Ji-Sook Yi, Bung-Duk Roh, Su-Jung Shin, Yoon Lee, Hyung-Kyu Gong, Chan-Young Lee,
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(1):-29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.20
Published online: January 14, 2009

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of dentistry, Yonsei University

Corresponding Author: Chan-Young Lee, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Ku, Seoul, 120-752, Korea, Tel: 82-2-2228-8700 Fax: 82-2-313-7575, E-mail: chanyoungl@yuhs.ac
• Received: September 10, 2008   • Revised: October 23, 2008   • Accepted: November 20, 2008

Copyright © 2009 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • The purpose of this study is to observe and compare the dynamic change of artificially demineralized enamel by remineralization solutions of different degrees of saturation at pH 4.3.
    In this study, 30 enamel specimens were demineralized artificially by lactic acid buffered solution. Each of 10 specimens was immersed in pH 4.3 remineralization solution of three different degrees of saturation (0.22, 0.30, 0.35) for 10 days. After demineralization and remineralization, images were taken by a polarizing microscope (× 100). The density of lesion were determined from images taken after demineralization and remineralization.
    During remineralization process, mineral deposition and mineral loss occurred at the same time. After remineralization, total mineral amount and width of surface lesion increased in all groups. The higher degree of saturation was, the more mineral deposition occurred in surface lesion and the amount of mineral deposition was not much in subsurface lesion. Total demineralized depth increased in all groups.
  • Keywords: Enamel; Demineralization; Remineralization; pH; Degree of saturation; Mineral density
Figure 1.
Enamel specimen used in the experiment
jkacd-34-20f1.jpg
Figure 2.
Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group1, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f2.jpg
Figure 3.
Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group1, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f3.jpg
Figure 4.
Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group 2, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f4.jpg
Figure 5.
Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group 2, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f5.jpg
Figure 6.
Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group 3, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f6.jpg
Figure 7.
Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group 3, × 100)
jkacd-34-20f7.jpg
Figure 8.
Rate of change of surface lesion width at Group 1, 2, 3 ((width of surface lesion after remineralization / width of surface lesion before remineralization) × 100(%)). Horizontal bars represent no statistically significant differences (P > .05).
jkacd-34-20f8.jpg
Figure 9.
Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 1)
jkacd-34-20f9.jpg
Figure 10.
Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 2)
jkacd-34-20f10.jpg
Figure 11.
Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 3)
jkacd-34-20f11.jpg
Table 1.
Initial composition of demineralization solution
Composition Concentration
Lactic acid (mM) 100
Calcium (mM) 15.5
Phosphate (mM) 8.5
Sodium azide (mM) 3.08
pH 4.3
Table 2.
Initial composition of remineralization solution
Composition Group
1 2 3
Lactic acid (mM) 10.00 10.00 10.00
Calcium (mM) 19.98 27.56 33.17
Phosphate (mM) 7.94 10.25 12.52
Sodium azide (mM) 3.08 3.08 3.08
Fluoride (ppm) 2.00 2.00 2.00
pH 4.30 4.30 4.30
Degree of saturation 0.22 0.30 0.35
Table 3.
Rate of change of quantitative value during demineralization & remineralization at enamel
Condition Demineralized Surface lesion Mineral
Depth (%)
 Width (%)
 Change (%)
Group (Mean ±S.D.) (Mean ±S.D.) ( (Mean ±S.D.)
1 115.1 ±11.4 % jkacd-34-20-t3.jpg* 109.8 ±3.8 %
2 112.6 ±7.9 % 101.9 ±2.2 %
3 111.4 ±6.5 % 102.7 ±4.7 %

*P < .05

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    • Effect of fluoride concentration in pH 4.3 and pH 7.0 supersaturated solutions on the crystal growth of hydroxyapatite
      Haneol Shin, Sung-Ho Park, Jeong-Won Park, Chan-Young Lee
      Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 16.     CrossRef

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      THE DYNAMIC CHANGE OF ARTIFICIALLY DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL BY DEGREE OF SATURATION OF REMINERALIZATION SOLUTION AT pH 4.3
      J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34(1):20-29.   Published online January 14, 2009
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.020
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    THE DYNAMIC CHANGE OF ARTIFICIALLY DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL BY DEGREE OF SATURATION OF REMINERALIZATION SOLUTION AT pH 4.3
    Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
    Figure 1. Enamel specimen used in the experiment
    Figure 2. Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group1, × 100)
    Figure 3. Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group1, × 100)
    Figure 4. Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group 2, × 100)
    Figure 5. Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group 2, × 100)
    Figure 6. Polarizing microscopic observation of demineralized enamel (Group 3, × 100)
    Figure 7. Polarizing microscopic observation of remineralized enamel (Group 3, × 100)
    Figure 8. Rate of change of surface lesion width at Group 1, 2, 3 ((width of surface lesion after remineralization / width of surface lesion before remineralization) × 100(%)). Horizontal bars represent no statistically significant differences (P > .05).
    Figure 9. Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 1)
    Figure 10. Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 2)
    Figure 11. Comparison of mineral density in enamel before and after remineralization (Group 3)

    Figure 1.

    Figure 2.

    Figure 3.

    Figure 4.

    Figure 5.

    Figure 6.

    Figure 7.

    Figure 8.

    Figure 9.

    Figure 10.

    Figure 11.

    THE DYNAMIC CHANGE OF ARTIFICIALLY DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL BY DEGREE OF SATURATION OF REMINERALIZATION SOLUTION AT pH 4.3
    Composition Concentration
    Lactic acid (mM) 100
    Calcium (mM) 15.5
    Phosphate (mM) 8.5
    Sodium azide (mM) 3.08
    pH 4.3
    Composition Group
    1 2 3
    Lactic acid (mM) 10.00 10.00 10.00
    Calcium (mM) 19.98 27.56 33.17
    Phosphate (mM) 7.94 10.25 12.52
    Sodium azide (mM) 3.08 3.08 3.08
    Fluoride (ppm) 2.00 2.00 2.00
    pH 4.30 4.30 4.30
    Degree of saturation 0.22 0.30 0.35
    Condition Demineralized Surface lesion Mineral
    Depth (%)
    		 Width (%)
    		 Change (%)
    Group (Mean ±S.D.) (Mean ±S.D.) ( (Mean ±S.D.)
    1 115.1 ±11.4 % * 109.8 ±3.8 %
    2 112.6 ±7.9 % 101.9 ±2.2 %
    3 111.4 ±6.5 % 102.7 ±4.7 %
    Table 1. Initial composition of demineralization solution

    Table 2. Initial composition of remineralization solution

    Table 3. Rate of change of quantitative value during demineralization & remineralization at enamel

    P < .05

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

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