Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals

Deuk-Lim Nam; Jeong-Kil Park; Bock Hur; Hyeon-Cheol Kim

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.208

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Original Article Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals: Deuk-Lim Nam, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim; 2009;34(3):-214.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.208
Published online: May 31, 2009

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Hyeon-Cheol Kim. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 1-10, Amidong, Seogu, 602-739, Busan, Korea. Tel: 051-240-7454, golddent@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: March 5, 2009 • Revised: March 19, 2009 • Accepted: April 27, 2009

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the dye leakage of MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) apical plug produced by two orthograde placement techniques (hand condensation technique and ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique).

To simulate straight canal, 60 transparent acrylic blocks with straight canal were fabricated. These transparent acrylic blocks were divided into 2 groups (Group C; hand condensation technique (HC) and Group U; ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique (UAHC)) of 30 blocks with each MTA application method. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 15) with different canal size of #70 (subgroup C70 and subgroup U70) and #120 (subgroup C120 and subgroup U120). After apical plug was created, a wet paper point was placed over the MTA plug and specimen was kept in a humid condition at room temperature to allow MTA to set. After 24 hours, remaining canal space was backfilled using Obtura II. All specimens were transferred to floral form socked by 0.2% rhodamine B solution and stored in 100% humidity at room temperature. After 48 hours, resin block specimens were washed and scanned using a scanner. The maximum length of microleakage was measured from the scanned images of four surfaces of each resin block using Photoshop 6.0.

Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test. Group U of UAHC had significantly lower leakage than Group C of HC in #70-size canal (subgroup U70) (p < 0.05).
Keywords: MTA; apical plug; orthograde placement; hand condensation; ultrasonic

Figure 1

Putty mold was made for 1 × 1 × 2 cm block and a straight round stainless steel wire of 1.2 mm was inserted in it.

Figure 2

Preparation of acrylic resin block and design of experimental groups according to the canal size and condensation technique.

Figure 3

Ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique of the MTA in the acrylic resin block. The stainless steel plugger was activated indirectly by ultrasonic tip.

Figure 4

Example of dye penetration from group C120; Line indicates the maximum length of dye penetration.

Figure 5

Representative samples of scanned resin blocks.

Table 1

Comparison of microleakage (mm) between two application methods

^*Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference between two subgroups (p < 0.05).

REFERENCES

1. Simon S, Rilliard F, Berdal A, Machtou P. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate in one-visit apexification treatment: a prospective study. Int Endod J. 2007;40: 186-197.Article PubMed
2. Pace R, Giuliani V, Pini Prato L, Baccetti T, Pagavino G. Apical plug technique using mineral trioxide aggregate: results from a case series. Int Endod J. 2007;40: 478-484.Article PubMed
3. Kwon JY, Lim SS, Beak SH, Bea KS, Kang MH, Lee WC. The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on the production of growth factors and cytokine by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(3):191-197.Article
4. Yun YR, Yang IS, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Choi HR, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Oh WM. Pulp response of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(2):95-101.Article
5. Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(1):1-8.Article PubMed
6. Shabahang S, Torabinejad M, Boyne PP, Abedi H, McMillan P. A comparative study of root-end induction using osteogenic protein-1, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate in dogs. J Endod. 1999;25(1):1-5.Article PubMed
7. Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(3):134-137.Article PubMed PDF
8. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25(3):197-205.Article PubMed
9. D'Arcangelo C, D'Amario M. Use of MTA for orthograde obturation of nonvital teeth with open apices: report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(4):e98-e101.Article PubMed
10. Al-Kahtani A, Shostad S, Schifferle R, Bhambhani S. In-vitro evaluation of microleakage of an orthograde apical plug of mineral trioxide aggregate in permanent teeth with simulated immature apices. J Endod. 2005;31(2):117-119.Article PubMed
11. Roberts HW, Toth JM, Berzins DW, Charlton DG. Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 2007;24(2):149-164.Article PubMed
12. Lawley GR, Schindler WG, Walker WA 3rd, Kolodrubetz D. Evaluation of ultrasonically placed MTA and fracture resistance with intracanal composite resin in a model of apexification. J Endod. 2004;30(3):167-172.Article PubMed
13. Giuliani V, Baccetti T, Pace R, Pagavino G. The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(4):217-221.PubMed
14. Martin RL, Monticelli F, Brackett WW, Loushine RJ, Rockman RA, Ferrari M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Sealing properties of mineral trioxide aggregate orthograde apical plugs and root fillings in an in vitro apexification model. J Endod. 2007;33(3):272-275.Article PubMed
15. Ghaziani P, Aghasizadeh N, Sheikh-Nezami M. Endodontic treatment with MTA apical plugs: a case report. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(4):325-329.Article PubMed
16. Nekoofar MH, Adusei G, Sheykhrezae MS, Hayes SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PM. The effect of condensation pressure on selected physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):453-461.Article PubMed
17. Yeung P, Liewehr FR, Moon PC. A quantitative comparison of the fill density of MTA produced by two placement techniques. J Endod. 2006;32(5):456-459.Article PubMed
18. Aminoshariae A, Hartwell GR, Moon PC. Placement of mineral trioxide aggregate using two different techniques. J Endod. 2003;29(10):679-682.Article PubMed
19. Hachmeister DR, Schindler WG, Walker WA 3rd, Thomas DD. The sealing ability and retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate in a model of apexification. J Endod. 2002;28(5):386-390.Article PubMed
20. Torabinejad M, Hong CU, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR. Physical and chemical properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 1995;21(7):349-353.Article PubMed
21. Chang SW, Yoo HM, Park DS, Oh TS, Bae KS. Ingredients and cytotoxicity of MTA and 3 kinds of Portland cement. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(4):369-376.
22. Dammaschke T, Gerth HU, Züchner H, Schäfer E. Chemical and physical surface and bulk material characterization of white ProRoot MTA and two Portland cements. Dent Mater. 2005;21(8):731-738.Article PubMed
23. Stock CJ. Current status of the use of ultrasound in endodontics. Int Dent J. 1991;41(3):175-182.PubMed
24. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33(2):81-95.Article PubMed
25. Newatia S. Concrete vibrators. [Web document]. Aurtech Global. Accessed May 12, 2008. http://www.aurtechindia.com/convib.htm.
26. Aqrabawi J. Sealing ability of amalgam, super EBA cement, and MTA when used as retrograde filling materials. Br Dent J. 2000 11;188(5):266-268.Article PubMed
27. Tanomaru Filho M, Figueiredo FA, Tanomaru JM. Effect of different dye solutions on the evaluation of the sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19(2):119-122.Article PubMed
28. Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod. 1993;19(12):591-515.Article PubMed
29. Kontakiotis EG, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on seal of permanent root filling. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13(6):281-284.PubMed
30. Montesin FE, Curtis RV, Ford TR. Characterization of Portland cement for use as a dental restorative material. Dent Mater. 2005;22(6):569-575.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Putty mold was made for 1 × 1 × 2 cm block and a straight round stainless steel wire of 1.2 mm was inserted in it.

Figure 2

Preparation of acrylic resin block and design of experimental groups according to the canal size and condensation technique.

Figure 3

Ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique of the MTA in the acrylic resin block. The stainless steel plugger was activated indirectly by ultrasonic tip.

Figure 4

Example of dye penetration from group C120; Line indicates the maximum length of dye penetration.

Figure 5

Representative samples of scanned resin blocks.

Table 1

Comparison of microleakage (mm) between two application methods

^*Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference between two subgroups (p < 0.05).

REFERENCES

1. Simon S, Rilliard F, Berdal A, Machtou P. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate in one-visit apexification treatment: a prospective study. Int Endod J. 2007;40: 186-197.Article PubMed
2. Pace R, Giuliani V, Pini Prato L, Baccetti T, Pagavino G. Apical plug technique using mineral trioxide aggregate: results from a case series. Int Endod J. 2007;40: 478-484.Article PubMed
3. Kwon JY, Lim SS, Beak SH, Bea KS, Kang MH, Lee WC. The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on the production of growth factors and cytokine by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(3):191-197.Article
4. Yun YR, Yang IS, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Choi HR, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Oh WM. Pulp response of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(2):95-101.Article
5. Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(1):1-8.Article PubMed
6. Shabahang S, Torabinejad M, Boyne PP, Abedi H, McMillan P. A comparative study of root-end induction using osteogenic protein-1, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate in dogs. J Endod. 1999;25(1):1-5.Article PubMed
7. Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(3):134-137.Article PubMed PDF
8. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25(3):197-205.Article PubMed
9. D'Arcangelo C, D'Amario M. Use of MTA for orthograde obturation of nonvital teeth with open apices: report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(4):e98-e101.Article PubMed
10. Al-Kahtani A, Shostad S, Schifferle R, Bhambhani S. In-vitro evaluation of microleakage of an orthograde apical plug of mineral trioxide aggregate in permanent teeth with simulated immature apices. J Endod. 2005;31(2):117-119.Article PubMed
11. Roberts HW, Toth JM, Berzins DW, Charlton DG. Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 2007;24(2):149-164.Article PubMed
12. Lawley GR, Schindler WG, Walker WA 3rd, Kolodrubetz D. Evaluation of ultrasonically placed MTA and fracture resistance with intracanal composite resin in a model of apexification. J Endod. 2004;30(3):167-172.Article PubMed
13. Giuliani V, Baccetti T, Pace R, Pagavino G. The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(4):217-221.PubMed
14. Martin RL, Monticelli F, Brackett WW, Loushine RJ, Rockman RA, Ferrari M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Sealing properties of mineral trioxide aggregate orthograde apical plugs and root fillings in an in vitro apexification model. J Endod. 2007;33(3):272-275.Article PubMed
15. Ghaziani P, Aghasizadeh N, Sheikh-Nezami M. Endodontic treatment with MTA apical plugs: a case report. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(4):325-329.Article PubMed
16. Nekoofar MH, Adusei G, Sheykhrezae MS, Hayes SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PM. The effect of condensation pressure on selected physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):453-461.Article PubMed
17. Yeung P, Liewehr FR, Moon PC. A quantitative comparison of the fill density of MTA produced by two placement techniques. J Endod. 2006;32(5):456-459.Article PubMed
18. Aminoshariae A, Hartwell GR, Moon PC. Placement of mineral trioxide aggregate using two different techniques. J Endod. 2003;29(10):679-682.Article PubMed
19. Hachmeister DR, Schindler WG, Walker WA 3rd, Thomas DD. The sealing ability and retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate in a model of apexification. J Endod. 2002;28(5):386-390.Article PubMed
20. Torabinejad M, Hong CU, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR. Physical and chemical properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 1995;21(7):349-353.Article PubMed
21. Chang SW, Yoo HM, Park DS, Oh TS, Bae KS. Ingredients and cytotoxicity of MTA and 3 kinds of Portland cement. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(4):369-376.
22. Dammaschke T, Gerth HU, Züchner H, Schäfer E. Chemical and physical surface and bulk material characterization of white ProRoot MTA and two Portland cements. Dent Mater. 2005;21(8):731-738.Article PubMed
23. Stock CJ. Current status of the use of ultrasound in endodontics. Int Dent J. 1991;41(3):175-182.PubMed
24. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33(2):81-95.Article PubMed
25. Newatia S. Concrete vibrators. [Web document]. Aurtech Global. Accessed May 12, 2008. http://www.aurtechindia.com/convib.htm.
26. Aqrabawi J. Sealing ability of amalgam, super EBA cement, and MTA when used as retrograde filling materials. Br Dent J. 2000 11;188(5):266-268.Article PubMed
27. Tanomaru Filho M, Figueiredo FA, Tanomaru JM. Effect of different dye solutions on the evaluation of the sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19(2):119-122.Article PubMed
28. Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod. 1993;19(12):591-515.Article PubMed
29. Kontakiotis EG, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on seal of permanent root filling. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13(6):281-284.PubMed
30. Montesin FE, Curtis RV, Ford TR. Characterization of Portland cement for use as a dental restorative material. Dent Mater. 2005;22(6):569-575.Article PubMed

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Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34(3):208-214. Published online May 31, 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.208

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Figure

Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals

Figure 1 Putty mold was made for 1 × 1 × 2 cm block and a straight round stainless steel wire of 1.2 mm was inserted in it.

Figure 2 Preparation of acrylic resin block and design of experimental groups according to the canal size and condensation technique.

Figure 3 Ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique of the MTA in the acrylic resin block. The stainless steel plugger was activated indirectly by ultrasonic tip.

Figure 4 Example of dye penetration from group C120; Line indicates the maximum length of dye penetration.

Figure 5 Representative samples of scanned resin blocks.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals

Table 1

Comparison of microleakage (mm) between two application methods

^*Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference between two subgroups (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Comparison of microleakage (mm) between two application methods

^*Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference between two subgroups (p < 0.05).