Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems

Ji-Hoon Kim; Dong-Hoon Shin

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.4.333

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Original Article Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems: Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin; 2009;34(4):-339.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.4.333
Published online: July 31, 2009

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Dong-Hoon Shin. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, San 7-1, Shinbu-dong, Cheonan, 330-716, Korea. Tel: 82-41-550-1965, Fax: 82-41-550-1963, donyshin@dankook.ac.kr

• Received: April 27, 2009 • Revised: May 26, 2009 • Accepted: June 2, 2009

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

This study was done to determine if there is any difference in microleakage between experimental composite resins, in which various proportions of three component photoinitiators (Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine) were included.

Four kinds of experimental composite resin were made by mixing 3.2% silanated barium glass (78 wt.%, average size; 1 µm) with each monomer system including variously proportioned photoinitiator systems used for photoinitiating BisGMA/BisEMA/TEGDMA monomer blend (37.5:37.5:25 wt.%). The weight percentage of each component were as follows (in sequence Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine): Group A - 0.5%, 0%, 1% / Group B - 2%, 0.2%, 2% / Group C - 0.2%, 1%, 0.2% / Group D - 1%, 1%, 2%.

Each composite resin was used as a filling material for round class V cavities (diameter: 2/3 of mesiodistal width; depth: 1.5 mm) made on extracted human premolars and they were polymerized using curing light unit (XL 2500, 3M ESPE) for 40 s with an intensity of 600 mW/cm². Teeth were thermocycled five-hundred times between 50℃ and 550℃ for 30s at each temperature.

Electrical conductivity (µA) was recorded two times (just after thermocycling and after three-month storage in saline solution) by electrochemical method.

Microleakage scores of each group according to evaluation time were as follows [Group: at first record / at second record; unit (µA)]: A: 3.80 (0.69) / 13.22 (4.48), B: 3.42 (1.33) / 18.84 (5.53), C: 4.18 (2.55) / 28.08 (7.75), D: 4.12 (1.86) / 7.41 (3.41).

Just after thermocycling, there was no difference in microleakage between groups, however, group C showed the largest score after three-month storage. Although there seems to be no difference in microleakage between groups just after thermocycling, composite resin with highly concentrated initiation system or classical design (Camphoroquinone and Amine system) would be more desirable for minimizing microleakage after three-month storage.
Keywords: Microleakage; Composite resin; Photoinitiation; Electrical conductivity; Thermocycling

Table 1

Experimental composites with variously proportioned three-photoinitiator systems

CQ: Camphoroquinone

OPPI: p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate

Bis-GMA: 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane

Bisphenol A-glycidylmethacrylates

Bis-EMA: Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylates

TEGDMA: Tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylates

Table 2

Electric currents among groups

Table 3

Tests of Between-subjects effects

Table 4

Homogeneous subsets of three-month results (µA)

REFERENCES

1. Stansbury JW. Curing dental resins and composites by photopolymerization. J Esthet Dent. 2000;12: 300-308.Article PubMed
2. Ferracane JL, Greener EH. The effect of resin formulation on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of dental restorative resins. J Biomed Mater Res. 1986;20(1):121-131.Article PubMed
3. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC, Condon JR, Todd R. Wear and marginal breakdown of composites with various degrees of cure. J Dent Res. 1997;76: 1508-1516.Article PubMed PDF
4. Wataha JC, Hanks CT, Strawn SE, Fat JC. Cytotoxicity of components of resins and other dental restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil. 1994;21: 453-462.Article PubMed
5. Imazato S, Tarumi H, Kobayashi K, Hiraguri H, Oda K, Tsuchitani Y. Relationship between the degree of conversion and internal discoloration of light-activated composite. Dent Mater J. 1995;14: 23-30.Article PubMed
6. Rueggeberg FA, Ergle JW, Lockwood PE. Effect of photinitiator level on properties of a light-cured and post-cured heated model resin system. Dent Mater. 1997;13: 360-364.PubMed
7. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. Influence of ketones on selected mechanical properties. J Dent Res. 1992;71: 1847-1850.Article PubMed PDF
8. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. In vitro wear, hardness, and conversion of diacetyl-containing resin materials. Dent Mater. 1996;12: 103-108.PubMed
9. Rietschel RL. Contact allergens in ultraviolet-cured acrylic resin systems. Occup Med. 1986;1: 301-306.PubMed
10. Cohen SG, Chao HM. Photoreduction of aromatic ketones by amine. Studies of quantum yields and mechanism. J Am Chem Soc. 1968;90: 165-173.
11. Antonucci JM, Venz S. Tertiary amine salts and complexes as chemical and photochemical accelerators. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 128-Abstr. No. 170.
12. Puppala R, Hegde A, Munshi AK. Laser and light cured composite resin restoration : in-vitro comparison of isotope and dye penetration. J Clin Pediatric Dent. 1996;20: 213-218.
13. Park YJ, Chae KH, Rawls HR. Development of a new photoinitiation system for dental light-cure composite resin. Dent Mater. 1999;15: 120-127.PubMed
14. Inano H, Ohba H, Tamaoki B. Photochemical inactivation of human placental estradiol 17 beta-hydrogenase in the presence of 2,3-butandion. J Steroid Biochem. 1983;19: 1617-1622.PubMed
15. Eick JD, Kostoryz EL, Rozzi SM, Jacobs DW, Oxman JD, Chappelow CC, Glaros AG, Yourtee DM. In vitro biocompatibility of oxirane/polyol dental composites with promising physical properties. Dent Mater. 2002;18: 413-421.Article PubMed
16. Labella R, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B, Vanherle G. Polymerization shrinkage and elasticity of flowable composites and filled adhesives. Dent Mater. 1999;15: 128-137.Article PubMed
17. Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives. J Dent. 1997;25: 435-440.Article PubMed
18. Braga RR, Ferracane JL. Contraction stress related to degree of conversion and reaction kinetics. J Dent Res. 2002;81(2):114-118.PubMed
19. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC. Relationship between composite contraction stress and leakage in Class V cavities. Am J Dent. 2003;16(4):239-243.PubMed
20. Gale MS, Darvell BW, Cheung GS. Three-dimensional reconstruction of microleakage pattern using a sequential grinding technique. J Dent. 1994;22(6):370-375.Article PubMed
21. Crim GA, Chapman KW. Reducing microleakage in Class V restorations: an in vitro study. Quint Int. 1994;25(11):781-785.
22. Shin DH, Rawls HR. Degree of conversion and color stability of the light curing resin with new photoinitiator systems. Dent Mater. 2009;(in press).
23. Koo BJ, Shin DH. The effect of c-factor and volume on microleakage of composite resin restorations with enamel margins. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(6):452-459.Article
24. Brannstrom M. Communication between the oral cavity and the dental pulp associated with restorative treatment. Oper Dent. 1984;9: 57-68.PubMed
25. Tantbirojn D, Versluis A, Pintado MR, DeLong R, Douglas WH. Tooth deformation patterns in molars after composite restoration. Dent Mater. 2004;20: 535-542.Article PubMed
26. Park JW. Comparison of the residual stress of the nanofilled composites. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(5):457-462.
27. Gladys S, Meerbeer VB, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Microleakage of adhesive restorative materials. Am J Dent. 2001;14(3):170-176.PubMed
28. Hannig M, Friedrichs C. Comparative in vivo and in vitro investigation of interfacial bond variability. Oper Dent. 2001;26(1):3-11.PubMed
29. Jacobsen PH, Von Fraunhofer JA. Assessment of microleakage using a conductimetric technique. J Dent Res. 1976;54(1):41-48.Article PubMed PDF
30. Delivanis PD, Chapman KA. Comparison and reliability of techniques for measuring leakage and marginal penetration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;53: 410-416.PubMed
31. Kim CY, Shin DH. Microleakage of composite resin restoration according to the number of thermocycling. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(4):377-384.Article
32. Mattison GD, Von Fraunhofer JA. Electrochemical microleakage study of endodontic sealer/cements. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55: 402-407.Article PubMed
33. Iwami Y, Yamamoto H, Ebisu S. A new electrical method for detecting marginal leakage of in vitro resin restorations. J Dent. 2000;28: 241-247.Article PubMed
34. Nakano Y. A new electrical testing method on marginal leakage of composite resin restorations. Jpn J Cons Dent. 1985;8: 1183-1198.
35. Frankenberger R, Strobel WO, Lohbauer U, Kramer N, Petschelt A. The effect of six years of water storage on resin composite bonding to human dentin. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004;69: 25-32.Article PubMed
36. Ferracane JL. Elution of leachable components from composites. J Oral Rehabil. 1994;21: 441-452.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Table 1

Experimental composites with variously proportioned three-photoinitiator systems

CQ: Camphoroquinone

OPPI: p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate

Bis-GMA: 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane

Bisphenol A-glycidylmethacrylates

Bis-EMA: Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylates

TEGDMA: Tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylates

Table 2

Electric currents among groups

Table 3

Tests of Between-subjects effects

Table 4

Homogeneous subsets of three-month results (µA)

REFERENCES

1. Stansbury JW. Curing dental resins and composites by photopolymerization. J Esthet Dent. 2000;12: 300-308.Article PubMed
2. Ferracane JL, Greener EH. The effect of resin formulation on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of dental restorative resins. J Biomed Mater Res. 1986;20(1):121-131.Article PubMed
3. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC, Condon JR, Todd R. Wear and marginal breakdown of composites with various degrees of cure. J Dent Res. 1997;76: 1508-1516.Article PubMed PDF
4. Wataha JC, Hanks CT, Strawn SE, Fat JC. Cytotoxicity of components of resins and other dental restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil. 1994;21: 453-462.Article PubMed
5. Imazato S, Tarumi H, Kobayashi K, Hiraguri H, Oda K, Tsuchitani Y. Relationship between the degree of conversion and internal discoloration of light-activated composite. Dent Mater J. 1995;14: 23-30.Article PubMed
6. Rueggeberg FA, Ergle JW, Lockwood PE. Effect of photinitiator level on properties of a light-cured and post-cured heated model resin system. Dent Mater. 1997;13: 360-364.PubMed
7. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. Influence of ketones on selected mechanical properties. J Dent Res. 1992;71: 1847-1850.Article PubMed PDF
8. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. In vitro wear, hardness, and conversion of diacetyl-containing resin materials. Dent Mater. 1996;12: 103-108.PubMed
9. Rietschel RL. Contact allergens in ultraviolet-cured acrylic resin systems. Occup Med. 1986;1: 301-306.PubMed
10. Cohen SG, Chao HM. Photoreduction of aromatic ketones by amine. Studies of quantum yields and mechanism. J Am Chem Soc. 1968;90: 165-173.
11. Antonucci JM, Venz S. Tertiary amine salts and complexes as chemical and photochemical accelerators. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 128-Abstr. No. 170.
12. Puppala R, Hegde A, Munshi AK. Laser and light cured composite resin restoration : in-vitro comparison of isotope and dye penetration. J Clin Pediatric Dent. 1996;20: 213-218.
13. Park YJ, Chae KH, Rawls HR. Development of a new photoinitiation system for dental light-cure composite resin. Dent Mater. 1999;15: 120-127.PubMed
14. Inano H, Ohba H, Tamaoki B. Photochemical inactivation of human placental estradiol 17 beta-hydrogenase in the presence of 2,3-butandion. J Steroid Biochem. 1983;19: 1617-1622.PubMed
15. Eick JD, Kostoryz EL, Rozzi SM, Jacobs DW, Oxman JD, Chappelow CC, Glaros AG, Yourtee DM. In vitro biocompatibility of oxirane/polyol dental composites with promising physical properties. Dent Mater. 2002;18: 413-421.Article PubMed
16. Labella R, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B, Vanherle G. Polymerization shrinkage and elasticity of flowable composites and filled adhesives. Dent Mater. 1999;15: 128-137.Article PubMed
17. Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives. J Dent. 1997;25: 435-440.Article PubMed
18. Braga RR, Ferracane JL. Contraction stress related to degree of conversion and reaction kinetics. J Dent Res. 2002;81(2):114-118.PubMed
19. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC. Relationship between composite contraction stress and leakage in Class V cavities. Am J Dent. 2003;16(4):239-243.PubMed
20. Gale MS, Darvell BW, Cheung GS. Three-dimensional reconstruction of microleakage pattern using a sequential grinding technique. J Dent. 1994;22(6):370-375.Article PubMed
21. Crim GA, Chapman KW. Reducing microleakage in Class V restorations: an in vitro study. Quint Int. 1994;25(11):781-785.
22. Shin DH, Rawls HR. Degree of conversion and color stability of the light curing resin with new photoinitiator systems. Dent Mater. 2009;(in press).
23. Koo BJ, Shin DH. The effect of c-factor and volume on microleakage of composite resin restorations with enamel margins. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(6):452-459.Article
24. Brannstrom M. Communication between the oral cavity and the dental pulp associated with restorative treatment. Oper Dent. 1984;9: 57-68.PubMed
25. Tantbirojn D, Versluis A, Pintado MR, DeLong R, Douglas WH. Tooth deformation patterns in molars after composite restoration. Dent Mater. 2004;20: 535-542.Article PubMed
26. Park JW. Comparison of the residual stress of the nanofilled composites. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(5):457-462.
27. Gladys S, Meerbeer VB, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Microleakage of adhesive restorative materials. Am J Dent. 2001;14(3):170-176.PubMed
28. Hannig M, Friedrichs C. Comparative in vivo and in vitro investigation of interfacial bond variability. Oper Dent. 2001;26(1):3-11.PubMed
29. Jacobsen PH, Von Fraunhofer JA. Assessment of microleakage using a conductimetric technique. J Dent Res. 1976;54(1):41-48.Article PubMed PDF
30. Delivanis PD, Chapman KA. Comparison and reliability of techniques for measuring leakage and marginal penetration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;53: 410-416.PubMed
31. Kim CY, Shin DH. Microleakage of composite resin restoration according to the number of thermocycling. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(4):377-384.Article
32. Mattison GD, Von Fraunhofer JA. Electrochemical microleakage study of endodontic sealer/cements. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55: 402-407.Article PubMed
33. Iwami Y, Yamamoto H, Ebisu S. A new electrical method for detecting marginal leakage of in vitro resin restorations. J Dent. 2000;28: 241-247.Article PubMed
34. Nakano Y. A new electrical testing method on marginal leakage of composite resin restorations. Jpn J Cons Dent. 1985;8: 1183-1198.
35. Frankenberger R, Strobel WO, Lohbauer U, Kramer N, Petschelt A. The effect of six years of water storage on resin composite bonding to human dentin. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004;69: 25-32.Article PubMed
36. Ferracane JL. Elution of leachable components from composites. J Oral Rehabil. 1994;21: 441-452.Article PubMed

Citations

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Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34(4):333-339. Published online July 31, 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.4.333

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Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems

Table 1

Experimental composites with variously proportioned three-photoinitiator systems

CQ: Camphoroquinone

OPPI: p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate

Bis-GMA: 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane

Bisphenol A-glycidylmethacrylates

Bis-EMA: Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylates

TEGDMA: Tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylates

Table 2

Electric currents among groups

Table 3

Tests of Between-subjects effects

Table 4

Homogeneous subsets of three-month results (µA)

Table 1 Experimental composites with variously proportioned three-photoinitiator systems

CQ: Camphoroquinone

OPPI: p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate

Bis-GMA: 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane

Bisphenol A-glycidylmethacrylates

Bis-EMA: Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylates

TEGDMA: Tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylates

Table 2 Electric currents among groups

Table 3 Tests of Between-subjects effects

Table 4 Homogeneous subsets of three-month results (µA)