Gene expression profiling in human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate

Yong-Beom Kim; Won-Jun Shon; WooCheol Lee; Kee-Yeon Kum; Seung-Ho Baek; Kwang-Shik Bae

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.152

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Basic Research Gene expression profiling in human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate: Yong-Beom Kim, Won-Jun Shon, WooCheol Lee, Kee-Yeon Kum, Seung-Ho Baek, Kwang-Shik Bae; 2010;35(3):-163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.152
Published online: May 31, 2010

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Kwang-Shik Bae. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-768, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2072-2651, Fax: 82-2-2072-3859, baeks@snu.ac.kr

• Received: March 20, 2010 • Revised: April 6, 2010 • Accepted: April 12, 2010

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

This study investigated the changes in gene expression when mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MTA in a teflon tube (diameter 10 mm, height 2 mm) was applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. For microarray analysis, total RNA was extracted at 6, 24, and 72 hrs after MTA application. The results were confirmed selectively by performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes that showed changes of more than two-fold or less than half. Of the 24,546 genes, 109 genes were up-regulated greater than two-fold (e.g., FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, and TUFT1) and 69 genes were down-regulated below 50% (e.g., SMAD6 and DCN). These results suggest that MTA, rather than being a bio-inert material, may have potential to affect the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells in various ways.
Keywords: Microarray; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Dental pulp capping; Human dental pulp cell; Differentiation; Proliferation

Figure 1

Differentially expressed genes (178 genes) up- or down-regulated by at least two-fold following a cellular treatment with MTA at every time point. (a) The biological processes of up-regulated 109 genes, (b) The biological processes of down-regulated 69 genes.

Figure 2

Optical density of messenger RNA measured by densitometry.

Table 1

Primer sequence list in RT-PCR

Table 2

Biological processes classification of genes in MTA-treated cells. The genes that showed a difference of more than three-fold, and those considered to be related to differentiation and proliferation out of genes that showed a difference of more than two-fold are listed.

Table 3

The expression level of the messenger RNA determined by RT-PCR. RT-PCR was conducted three times. The relative level of gene expression was normalized against GAPDH messenger RNA, and the control was set as 1.0. Optical density values represent the mean.

REFERENCES

1. American Association of Endodontists. Glossary of endodontic terms. 2003;7th ed. 40.
2. Cox CF, Subay RK, Ostro E, Suzuki S, Suzuki SH. Tunnel defects in dentin bridges: their formation following direct pulp capping. Oper Dent. 1996;21: 4-11.PubMed
3. Cox CF, Hafez AA, Akimoto N, Otsuki M, Suzuki S, Tarim B. Biocompatibility of primer, adhesive and resin composite systems on non-exposed and exposed pulps of non-human primate teeth. Am J Dent. 1998;11: s55-s63.PubMed
4. Cox CF, Tarim B, Kopel H, Gürel G, Hafez A. Technique sensitivity: biological factors contributing to clinical success with various restorative materials. Adv Dent Res. 2001;15: 85-90.PubMed
5. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25: 197-205.Article PubMed
6. Torabinejad M, Hong CU, Pitt-Ford TR, Kettering JD. Cytotoxicity of four root end filling materials. J Endod. 1995;21: 489-492.Article PubMed
7. Dominguez MS, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL, Opperman LA. Histological and scanning electron microscopy assessment of various vital pulp-therapy materials. J Endod. 2003;29: 324-333.Article PubMed
8. Ford TR, Torabinejad M, Abedi HR, Bakland LK, Kariyawasam SP. Using mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulp-capping material. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127: 1491-1494.Article PubMed
9. Yun YR, Yang IS, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Choi HR, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Oh WM. Pulp response of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32: 95-101.Article
10. Bae JH, Kim YG, Yoon PY, Cho BH, Choi YH. Histological study. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35: 5-12.Article
11. Andelin W, Shabahang S, Wright K, Torabinejad M. Identification of hard tissue after experimental pulp capping using dentin sialoprotein (DSP) as a marker. J Endod. 2003;29: 646-650.Article PubMed
12. Kuratate M, Yoshiba K, Shigetani Y, Yoshiba N, Ohshima H, Okiji T. Immunohistochemical analysis of nestin, osteopontin, and proliferating cells in the reparative process of exposed dental pulp capped with mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2008;34: 970-974.PubMed
13. Min KS, Yang SH, Kim EC. The Combined Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Enamel Matrix Derivative on Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod. 2009;35: 847-851.Article PubMed
14. Brown PO, Botstein D. Exploring the new world of the genome with DNA microarrays. Nat Genet. 1999;21: 33-37.Article PubMed PDF
15. Shi S, Robey PG, Gronthos S. Comparison of human dental pulp and bone marrow stromal stem cells by cDNA microarray analysis. Bone. 2001;29: 532-539.Article PubMed
16. McLachlan JL, Smith AJ, Bujalska IJ, Cooper PR. Gene expression profiling of pulpal tissue reveals the molecular complexity of dental caries. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1741: 271-281.PubMed
17. Syudo M, Yamada S, Yanagiguchi K, Matsunaga T, Hayashi Y. Early gene expression analyzed by a genome microarray and real-time PCR in osteoblasts cultured with a 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive resin sealer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107: e77-e81.Article PubMed
18. So H, Park SH, Choi GW. The comparison of gene expression from human dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 430-441.Article
19. Yokose S, Kadokura H, Tajima Y. Establishment and characterization of a culture system for enzymatically released rat dental pulp cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000;66: 139-144.Article PubMed PDF
20. Goldberg M, Farges JC, Lacerda-Pinheiro S. Inflammatory and immunological aspects of dental pulp repair. Pharmacol Res. 2008;58: 137-147.PubMed PMC
21. Matsui S, Takeuchi H, Tsujimoto Y, Matsushima K. Effects of Smads and BMPs induced by Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on calcification ability of human dental pulp cells. J Oral Sci. 2008;50: 75-81.Article PubMed
22. Imamura T, Takase M, Nishihara A, Oeda E, Hanai J, Kawabata M, Miyazono K. Smad6 inhibits signaling by the TGF-β superfamily. Nature. 1997;389: 622-626.Article PubMed PDF
23. Keklikoglu N. The localization of Fos B, a member of transcription factor AP-1 family, in rat odontoblasts and pulpal undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2004;42: 191-193.PubMed
24. Sabatakos G, Sims NA, Chen J, Aoki K, Kelz MB, Amling M, Bouali Y, Mukhopadhyay K, Ford K, Nestler EJ, Baron R. Overexpression of DeltaFosB transcription factor(s) increases bone formation and inhibits adipogenesis. Nat Med. 2000;6: 985-990.PubMed
25. Shen M, Yoshida E, Yan W, Kawamoto T, Suardita K, Koyano Y, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kato Y. Basic helix-loop-helix protein DEC1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation at the early and terminal stages. J Biol Chem. 2002;277: 50112-50120.Article PubMed
26. Iwata T, Kawamoto T, Sasabe E, Miyazaki K, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kurihara H, Kato Y. Effects of overexpression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec1 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 2006;85: 423-431.Article PubMed
27. Lawler J. The functions of thrombospondin-1 and-2. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000;12: 634-640.Article PubMed
28. Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M. Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin. Mol Biol Cell. 1992;3: 181-188.PubMed PMC
29. Ueno A, Yamashita K, Nagata T, Tsurumi C, Miwa Y, Kitamura S, Inoue H. cDNA cloning of bovine thrombospondin 1 and its expression in odontoblasts and predentin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1382: 17-22.Article PubMed
30. Casasco A, Calligaro A, Casasco M, Springall DR, Tenti P, Marchetti C. Immunohistochemical localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in human tooth germ and mature dental pulp. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1991;183: 515-520.Article PubMed PDF
31. Neuhaus SJ, Byers MR. Endothelin receptors and endothelin-1 in developing rat teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52: 655-662.Article PubMed
32. Guidry C, Hook M. Endothelins produced by endothelial cells promote collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1991;115: 873-880.PubMed PMC
33. Marini M, Carpi S, Bellini A, Patalano F, Mattoli S. Endothelin-1 induces increased fibronectin expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;220: 896-899.Article PubMed
34. Khan ZA, Farhangkhoee H, Mahon JL, Bere L, Gonder JR, Chan BM. Endothelins: regulators of extracellular matrix protein production in diabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006;231: 1022-1029.PubMed
35. Yan Y, Liu Z, Zhang WG. In vitro study of the effects of endothelin-1 on human dental pulp cells. Chin J Dent Res. 1999;2: 5-13.PubMed
36. Kido S, Kuriwaka-Kido R, Imamura T, Ito Y, Inoue D, Matsumoto T. Mechanical stress induces Interleukin-11 expression to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Bone. 2009;45: 1125-1132.PubMed
37. Suga K, Saitoh M, Fukushima S, Takahashi K, Nara H, Yasuda S. Interleukin-11 induces osteoblast differentiation and acts synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein-2 in C3H10T1/2 cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001;21: 695-707.Article PubMed
38. Takeuchi Y, Watanabe S, Ishii G, Takeda S, Nakayama K, Fukumoto S. Interleukin-11 as a stimulatory factor for bone formation prevents bone loss with advancing age in mice. J Biol Chem. 2002;277: 49011-49018.Article PubMed
39. Hynes R. Molecular biology of fibronectin. Ann Rev Cell Biol. 1985;1: 67-90.Article PubMed
40. Lesot H, Osman M, Ruch JV. Immunofluorescent localization of collagens, fibronectin and laminin during terminal differentiation of odontoblasts. Dev Biol. 1981;82: 371-381.PubMed
41. Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Twaku M, Nakamura H, Osawa H. A confocal laser scanning microscopic study of the immunofluorescent localization of FN in the odontoblast layer of human teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39: 395-400.PubMed
42. Wang P, Hao J, Shi J. Actions of bovine plasma fibronectin on cultured human dental pulp cells. Chin J Dent Res. 2000;3: 55-62.PubMed
43. Hoshi K, Kemmotsu S, Takeuchi Y, Amizuka N, Ozawa H. The primary calcification in bones follows removal of decorin and fusion of collagen fibrils. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14: 273-280.Article PubMed PDF
44. Mochida Y, Duarte WR, Tanzawa H, Paschalis EP, Yamauchi M. Decorin modulates matrix mineralization in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;305: 6-9.PubMed
45. Alini M, Marriott A, Chen T, Abe S, Poole AR. A novel angiogenic molecule produced at the time of chondrocyte hypertrophy during endochondral bone formation. Dev Biol. 1996;176: 124-132.Article PubMed
46. Felszeghy S, Hollo K, Modis L, Lammi MJ. Type X collagen in human enamel development: a possible role in mineralization. Acta Odontol Scand. 2000;58: 171-176.Article PubMed
47. Kwan KM, Pang MK, Zhou S, Cowan SK, Kong RY, Pfordte T. Abnormal compartmentalization of cartilage matrix components in mice lacking collagen X: Implications for function. J Cell Biol. 1997;136: 459-471.Article PubMed PMC PDF
48. Deutsch D, Palmon A, Fisher LW, Kolodny N, Termine JD, Young MF. Sequencing of bovine enamelin ("tuftelin") a novel acidic enamel protein. J Biol Chem. 1991;266: 16021-16028.PubMed
49. Paine CT, Paine ML, Luo W, Okamoto CT, Lyngstadaas SP, Snead ML. A tuftelin-interacting protein (TIP39) localizes to the apical secretory pole of mouse ameloblasts. J Biol Chem. 2000;275: 22284-22292.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Optical density of messenger RNA measured by densitometry.

Table 1

Primer sequence list in RT-PCR

Table 2

Table 3

REFERENCES

1. American Association of Endodontists. Glossary of endodontic terms. 2003;7th ed. 40.
2. Cox CF, Subay RK, Ostro E, Suzuki S, Suzuki SH. Tunnel defects in dentin bridges: their formation following direct pulp capping. Oper Dent. 1996;21: 4-11.PubMed
3. Cox CF, Hafez AA, Akimoto N, Otsuki M, Suzuki S, Tarim B. Biocompatibility of primer, adhesive and resin composite systems on non-exposed and exposed pulps of non-human primate teeth. Am J Dent. 1998;11: s55-s63.PubMed
4. Cox CF, Tarim B, Kopel H, Gürel G, Hafez A. Technique sensitivity: biological factors contributing to clinical success with various restorative materials. Adv Dent Res. 2001;15: 85-90.PubMed
5. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25: 197-205.Article PubMed
6. Torabinejad M, Hong CU, Pitt-Ford TR, Kettering JD. Cytotoxicity of four root end filling materials. J Endod. 1995;21: 489-492.Article PubMed
7. Dominguez MS, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL, Opperman LA. Histological and scanning electron microscopy assessment of various vital pulp-therapy materials. J Endod. 2003;29: 324-333.Article PubMed
8. Ford TR, Torabinejad M, Abedi HR, Bakland LK, Kariyawasam SP. Using mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulp-capping material. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127: 1491-1494.Article PubMed
9. Yun YR, Yang IS, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Choi HR, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Oh WM. Pulp response of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32: 95-101.Article
10. Bae JH, Kim YG, Yoon PY, Cho BH, Choi YH. Histological study. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35: 5-12.Article
11. Andelin W, Shabahang S, Wright K, Torabinejad M. Identification of hard tissue after experimental pulp capping using dentin sialoprotein (DSP) as a marker. J Endod. 2003;29: 646-650.Article PubMed
12. Kuratate M, Yoshiba K, Shigetani Y, Yoshiba N, Ohshima H, Okiji T. Immunohistochemical analysis of nestin, osteopontin, and proliferating cells in the reparative process of exposed dental pulp capped with mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2008;34: 970-974.PubMed
13. Min KS, Yang SH, Kim EC. The Combined Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Enamel Matrix Derivative on Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod. 2009;35: 847-851.Article PubMed
14. Brown PO, Botstein D. Exploring the new world of the genome with DNA microarrays. Nat Genet. 1999;21: 33-37.Article PubMed PDF
15. Shi S, Robey PG, Gronthos S. Comparison of human dental pulp and bone marrow stromal stem cells by cDNA microarray analysis. Bone. 2001;29: 532-539.Article PubMed
16. McLachlan JL, Smith AJ, Bujalska IJ, Cooper PR. Gene expression profiling of pulpal tissue reveals the molecular complexity of dental caries. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1741: 271-281.PubMed
17. Syudo M, Yamada S, Yanagiguchi K, Matsunaga T, Hayashi Y. Early gene expression analyzed by a genome microarray and real-time PCR in osteoblasts cultured with a 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive resin sealer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107: e77-e81.Article PubMed
18. So H, Park SH, Choi GW. The comparison of gene expression from human dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 430-441.Article
19. Yokose S, Kadokura H, Tajima Y. Establishment and characterization of a culture system for enzymatically released rat dental pulp cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000;66: 139-144.Article PubMed PDF
20. Goldberg M, Farges JC, Lacerda-Pinheiro S. Inflammatory and immunological aspects of dental pulp repair. Pharmacol Res. 2008;58: 137-147.PubMed PMC
21. Matsui S, Takeuchi H, Tsujimoto Y, Matsushima K. Effects of Smads and BMPs induced by Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on calcification ability of human dental pulp cells. J Oral Sci. 2008;50: 75-81.Article PubMed
22. Imamura T, Takase M, Nishihara A, Oeda E, Hanai J, Kawabata M, Miyazono K. Smad6 inhibits signaling by the TGF-β superfamily. Nature. 1997;389: 622-626.Article PubMed PDF
23. Keklikoglu N. The localization of Fos B, a member of transcription factor AP-1 family, in rat odontoblasts and pulpal undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2004;42: 191-193.PubMed
24. Sabatakos G, Sims NA, Chen J, Aoki K, Kelz MB, Amling M, Bouali Y, Mukhopadhyay K, Ford K, Nestler EJ, Baron R. Overexpression of DeltaFosB transcription factor(s) increases bone formation and inhibits adipogenesis. Nat Med. 2000;6: 985-990.PubMed
25. Shen M, Yoshida E, Yan W, Kawamoto T, Suardita K, Koyano Y, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kato Y. Basic helix-loop-helix protein DEC1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation at the early and terminal stages. J Biol Chem. 2002;277: 50112-50120.Article PubMed
26. Iwata T, Kawamoto T, Sasabe E, Miyazaki K, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kurihara H, Kato Y. Effects of overexpression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec1 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 2006;85: 423-431.Article PubMed
27. Lawler J. The functions of thrombospondin-1 and-2. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000;12: 634-640.Article PubMed
28. Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M. Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin. Mol Biol Cell. 1992;3: 181-188.PubMed PMC
29. Ueno A, Yamashita K, Nagata T, Tsurumi C, Miwa Y, Kitamura S, Inoue H. cDNA cloning of bovine thrombospondin 1 and its expression in odontoblasts and predentin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1382: 17-22.Article PubMed
30. Casasco A, Calligaro A, Casasco M, Springall DR, Tenti P, Marchetti C. Immunohistochemical localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in human tooth germ and mature dental pulp. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1991;183: 515-520.Article PubMed PDF
31. Neuhaus SJ, Byers MR. Endothelin receptors and endothelin-1 in developing rat teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52: 655-662.Article PubMed
32. Guidry C, Hook M. Endothelins produced by endothelial cells promote collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1991;115: 873-880.PubMed PMC
33. Marini M, Carpi S, Bellini A, Patalano F, Mattoli S. Endothelin-1 induces increased fibronectin expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;220: 896-899.Article PubMed
34. Khan ZA, Farhangkhoee H, Mahon JL, Bere L, Gonder JR, Chan BM. Endothelins: regulators of extracellular matrix protein production in diabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006;231: 1022-1029.PubMed
35. Yan Y, Liu Z, Zhang WG. In vitro study of the effects of endothelin-1 on human dental pulp cells. Chin J Dent Res. 1999;2: 5-13.PubMed
36. Kido S, Kuriwaka-Kido R, Imamura T, Ito Y, Inoue D, Matsumoto T. Mechanical stress induces Interleukin-11 expression to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Bone. 2009;45: 1125-1132.PubMed
37. Suga K, Saitoh M, Fukushima S, Takahashi K, Nara H, Yasuda S. Interleukin-11 induces osteoblast differentiation and acts synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein-2 in C3H10T1/2 cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001;21: 695-707.Article PubMed
38. Takeuchi Y, Watanabe S, Ishii G, Takeda S, Nakayama K, Fukumoto S. Interleukin-11 as a stimulatory factor for bone formation prevents bone loss with advancing age in mice. J Biol Chem. 2002;277: 49011-49018.Article PubMed
39. Hynes R. Molecular biology of fibronectin. Ann Rev Cell Biol. 1985;1: 67-90.Article PubMed
40. Lesot H, Osman M, Ruch JV. Immunofluorescent localization of collagens, fibronectin and laminin during terminal differentiation of odontoblasts. Dev Biol. 1981;82: 371-381.PubMed
41. Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Twaku M, Nakamura H, Osawa H. A confocal laser scanning microscopic study of the immunofluorescent localization of FN in the odontoblast layer of human teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39: 395-400.PubMed
42. Wang P, Hao J, Shi J. Actions of bovine plasma fibronectin on cultured human dental pulp cells. Chin J Dent Res. 2000;3: 55-62.PubMed
43. Hoshi K, Kemmotsu S, Takeuchi Y, Amizuka N, Ozawa H. The primary calcification in bones follows removal of decorin and fusion of collagen fibrils. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14: 273-280.Article PubMed PDF
44. Mochida Y, Duarte WR, Tanzawa H, Paschalis EP, Yamauchi M. Decorin modulates matrix mineralization in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;305: 6-9.PubMed
45. Alini M, Marriott A, Chen T, Abe S, Poole AR. A novel angiogenic molecule produced at the time of chondrocyte hypertrophy during endochondral bone formation. Dev Biol. 1996;176: 124-132.Article PubMed
46. Felszeghy S, Hollo K, Modis L, Lammi MJ. Type X collagen in human enamel development: a possible role in mineralization. Acta Odontol Scand. 2000;58: 171-176.Article PubMed
47. Kwan KM, Pang MK, Zhou S, Cowan SK, Kong RY, Pfordte T. Abnormal compartmentalization of cartilage matrix components in mice lacking collagen X: Implications for function. J Cell Biol. 1997;136: 459-471.Article PubMed PMC PDF
48. Deutsch D, Palmon A, Fisher LW, Kolodny N, Termine JD, Young MF. Sequencing of bovine enamelin ("tuftelin") a novel acidic enamel protein. J Biol Chem. 1991;266: 16021-16028.PubMed
49. Paine CT, Paine ML, Luo W, Okamoto CT, Lyngstadaas SP, Snead ML. A tuftelin-interacting protein (TIP39) localizes to the apical secretory pole of mouse ameloblasts. J Biol Chem. 2000;275: 22284-22292.Article PubMed

Citations

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Analysis of gene expression during odontogenic differentiation of cultured human dental pulp cells
Min-Seock Seo, Kyung-Gyun Hwang, Hyongbum Kim, Seung-Ho Baek
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(3): 142. CrossRef
Comparison of gene expression profiles of human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide
Yong-Beom Kim, Won-Jun Shon, Woocheol Lee, Kee-Yeon Kum, Seung-Ho Baek, Kwang-Shik Bae
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(5): 397. CrossRef

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Gene expression profiling in human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(3):152-163. Published online May 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.152

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Figure

Gene expression profiling in human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate

Figure 1 Differentially expressed genes (178 genes) up- or down-regulated by at least two-fold following a cellular treatment with MTA at every time point. (a) The biological processes of up-regulated 109 genes, (b) The biological processes of down-regulated 69 genes.

Figure 2 Optical density of messenger RNA measured by densitometry.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Gene expression profiling in human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate

Table 1

Primer sequence list in RT-PCR

Table 2

Table 3

Table 1 Primer sequence list in RT-PCR

Table 2 Biological processes classification of genes in MTA-treated cells. The genes that showed a difference of more than three-fold, and those considered to be related to differentiation and proliferation out of genes that showed a difference of more than two-fold are listed.

Table 3 The expression level of the messenger RNA determined by RT-PCR. RT-PCR was conducted three times. The relative level of gene expression was normalized against GAPDH messenger RNA, and the control was set as 1.0. Optical density values represent the mean.