A clinical evaluation of safety of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide

Sin-Young Kim; Je-Uk Park; Chang-Hyen Kim; Sung-Eun Yang

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.198

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Basic Research A clinical evaluation of safety of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide: Sin-Young Kim¹, Je-Uk Park², Chang-Hyen Kim², Sung-Eun Yang¹; 2010;35(3):-210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.198
Published online: May 31, 2010

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

²Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

Correspondence to: Sung-Eun. Yang Department of Conservative Dentistry Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea 505, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-044, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-6296, Fax: 82-2-537-2374, dentyeun@catholic.ac.kr

• Received: April 21, 2010 • Revised: April 26, 2010 • Accepted: April 29, 2010

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

This study evaluated the safety of an office bleaching gel (RemeWhite, Remedent Inc., Deurle, Belgium) containing 30% hydrogen peroxide. 37 volunteers were recieved office bleaching with the RemeWhite for 3 times at one visit, total 2 visits. As control group, the same gel in which hydrogen peroxide was not included was applied to 34 volunteers with the same protocol.

There was no difference between experimental group and control group using electric pulp test. In the result of gingival inflammation index and tooth sensitivity test, there was mild pain response in experimental group but it disappeared as time went by. Therefore, safety of the office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide was confirmed.
Keywords: Office bleaching gel; Safety; Hydrogen peroxide; Clinical study

Table 1

Experimental protocol of randomized clinical trial

Table 2

Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3

Changes of EPT (Electric pulp test)

1) Two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*p < 0.05

Table 4

Changes of GI (gingival inflammation index)

1) McNemar's test

2) N/A: Not Applicable

^*: p < 0.05

Table 5

Tooth sensitivity at each visit

1) McNemar's test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6

Percentage of abnormal response

1) Chi-square test

Table 7

Changes of vital sign

1) two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*: p < 0.05

REFERENCES

1. Tredwin CJ, Naik S, Lewis NJ, Scully C. Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products : review of adverse effects and safety issues. Br Dent J. 2006;200: 371-376.Article PubMed PDF
2. Leonard RH, Haywood VB, Phillips C. Risk factors for developing tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation associated with nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1997;28: 527-534.PubMed
3. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski MV. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994;125: 1330-1335.Article PubMed
4. Tam L. Clinical trial of three 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products. J Can Dent Assoc. 1999;65: 201-205.PubMed
5. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod. 1979;5: 134-138.PubMed
6. Nathanson D, Parra C. Bleaching vital teeth-a review and clinical study. Compendium. 1987;8: 490-492. 494. 496-497.PubMed
7. Martin JH, Bishop JC, Guentherman RH, Dorman HL. Cellular response of gingiva to prolonged application of dilute hyorogen peroxide. J Periodontol. 1968;39: 208-210.PubMed
8. Kim SY, Park JU, Kim CH, Yang SE. A clinical evaluation of efficacy of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35: 40-50.
9. Park ES, Seong SR, Hong ST, Kim JE, Lee SY, Hwang SY, Lee SJ, Jin BH, Son HH, Cho BH. A clinical evaluation of a bleaching strip containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31: 269-281.
10. Gurgan S, Cakir FY, Yazici E. Different light-activated in-office bleaching systems: a clinical evaluation. Lasers Med Sci. 2009;Epub.Article PDF
11. Munro IC, Williams GM, Heymann HO, Kroes R. Tooth whitening products and the risk of oral cancer. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44: 301-315.PubMed
12. Naik S, Tredwin CJ, Scully C. Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) : review of safety in relation to possible carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 2006;42: 668-674.PubMed
13. Mahony C, Felter SP, McMillan DA. An exposure-based risk assessment approach to confirm the safety of hydrogen peroxide for use in home bleaching. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;44: 75-82.PubMed
14. Hsie AW, Recio L, Katz DS, Lee CQ, Wagner M, Schenley RL. Evidence for reactive oxygen species inducing mutations in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83: 9616-9620.Article PubMed PMC
15. Weitzman SA, Stossel TP, Schwartz J, Shklar G. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. J Periodontol. 1986;57: 685-688.PubMed
16. Thitinanthapan W, Satamanont P, Vongsavan N. In vitro penetration of the pulp chamber by three brands of carbamide peroxide. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11: 259-264.PubMed
17. Gökay O, Yilmaz F, Akin S, Tuncbilek M, Ertan R. Penetration of the pulp chamber by bleaching agents in teeth restored with various restorative materials. J Endod. 2000;26: 92-94.PubMed
18. Park JH, Shin HJ, Park DY, Park SH, Kim JW, Cho KM. Effect of the bleaching light on whitening efficacy. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 95-102.Article
19. Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;19: 515-530.PubMed
20. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A Clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 488-495.PubMed
21. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shetri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in-office and at-home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 114-121.PubMed

Tables & Figures

Table 1

Experimental protocol of randomized clinical trial

Table 2

Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3

Changes of EPT (Electric pulp test)

1) Two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*p < 0.05

Table 4

Changes of GI (gingival inflammation index)

1) McNemar's test

2) N/A: Not Applicable

^*: p < 0.05

Table 5

Tooth sensitivity at each visit

1) McNemar's test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6

Percentage of abnormal response

1) Chi-square test

Table 7

Changes of vital sign

1) two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*: p < 0.05

REFERENCES

1. Tredwin CJ, Naik S, Lewis NJ, Scully C. Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products : review of adverse effects and safety issues. Br Dent J. 2006;200: 371-376.Article PubMed PDF
2. Leonard RH, Haywood VB, Phillips C. Risk factors for developing tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation associated with nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1997;28: 527-534.PubMed
3. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski MV. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994;125: 1330-1335.Article PubMed
4. Tam L. Clinical trial of three 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products. J Can Dent Assoc. 1999;65: 201-205.PubMed
5. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod. 1979;5: 134-138.PubMed
6. Nathanson D, Parra C. Bleaching vital teeth-a review and clinical study. Compendium. 1987;8: 490-492. 494. 496-497.PubMed
7. Martin JH, Bishop JC, Guentherman RH, Dorman HL. Cellular response of gingiva to prolonged application of dilute hyorogen peroxide. J Periodontol. 1968;39: 208-210.PubMed
8. Kim SY, Park JU, Kim CH, Yang SE. A clinical evaluation of efficacy of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35: 40-50.
9. Park ES, Seong SR, Hong ST, Kim JE, Lee SY, Hwang SY, Lee SJ, Jin BH, Son HH, Cho BH. A clinical evaluation of a bleaching strip containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31: 269-281.
10. Gurgan S, Cakir FY, Yazici E. Different light-activated in-office bleaching systems: a clinical evaluation. Lasers Med Sci. 2009;Epub.Article PDF
11. Munro IC, Williams GM, Heymann HO, Kroes R. Tooth whitening products and the risk of oral cancer. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44: 301-315.PubMed
12. Naik S, Tredwin CJ, Scully C. Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) : review of safety in relation to possible carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 2006;42: 668-674.PubMed
13. Mahony C, Felter SP, McMillan DA. An exposure-based risk assessment approach to confirm the safety of hydrogen peroxide for use in home bleaching. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;44: 75-82.PubMed
14. Hsie AW, Recio L, Katz DS, Lee CQ, Wagner M, Schenley RL. Evidence for reactive oxygen species inducing mutations in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83: 9616-9620.Article PubMed PMC
15. Weitzman SA, Stossel TP, Schwartz J, Shklar G. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. J Periodontol. 1986;57: 685-688.PubMed
16. Thitinanthapan W, Satamanont P, Vongsavan N. In vitro penetration of the pulp chamber by three brands of carbamide peroxide. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11: 259-264.PubMed
17. Gökay O, Yilmaz F, Akin S, Tuncbilek M, Ertan R. Penetration of the pulp chamber by bleaching agents in teeth restored with various restorative materials. J Endod. 2000;26: 92-94.PubMed
18. Park JH, Shin HJ, Park DY, Park SH, Kim JW, Cho KM. Effect of the bleaching light on whitening efficacy. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 95-102.Article
19. Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;19: 515-530.PubMed
20. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A Clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 488-495.PubMed
21. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shetri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in-office and at-home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 114-121.PubMed

Citations

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Clinical assessment of whitening efficacy and safety of in-office tooth whitening system containing 15% hydrogen peroxide with or without light activation
Young-Suk Noh, Young-Jee Rho, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Hyang-Ok Lee, Sang-Min Lim, Hyun-Jeong Kweon, Yeun Kim, Seong-Yeon Park, Hee-Young Yoon, Jung-Hyun Lee, Chan-Hee Lee, So-Ram Oh, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(4): 306. CrossRef

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A clinical evaluation of safety of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(3):198-210. Published online May 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.3.198

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A clinical evaluation of safety of an office bleaching gel containing 30% hydrogen peroxide

Table 1

Experimental protocol of randomized clinical trial

Table 2

Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3

Changes of EPT (Electric pulp test)

1) Two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*p < 0.05

Table 4

Changes of GI (gingival inflammation index)

1) McNemar's test

2) N/A: Not Applicable

^*: p < 0.05

Table 5

Tooth sensitivity at each visit

1) McNemar's test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6

Percentage of abnormal response

1) Chi-square test

Table 7

Changes of vital sign

1) two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 1 Experimental protocol of randomized clinical trial

Table 2 Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3 Changes of EPT (Electric pulp test)

1) Two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*p < 0.05

Table 4 Changes of GI (gingival inflammation index)

1) McNemar's test

2) N/A: Not Applicable

^*: p < 0.05

Table 5 Tooth sensitivity at each visit

1) McNemar's test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6 Percentage of abnormal response

1) Chi-square test

Table 7 Changes of vital sign

1) two sample t-test

2) Wilcoxon's rank sum test

^*: p < 0.05