A comparison of the shaping ability of four rotary nickel-titanium files in simulated root canals

Bo-Hye Kim; Kyoung-Kyu Choi; Sang-Hyuk Park; Gi-Woon Choi

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.2.088

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Basic Research A comparison of the shaping ability of four rotary nickel-titanium files in simulated root canals: Bo-Hye Kim, Kyoung-Kyu Choi, Sang-Hyuk Park, Gi-Woon Choi; 2010;35(2):-95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.2.088
Published online: March 31, 2010

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate of Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Gi-Woon Choi. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Graduate of Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-702, Korea. Tel: 82-2-958-9336, gwchoi@khu.ac.kr

• Received: October 14, 2009 • Revised: January 6, 2010 • Accepted: March 10, 2010

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the root canal shaping ability of 4 rotary NiTi instruments in simulated root canals.

For the preparation of thirty two curved root canals, Mtwo instruments using "single length"technique, and Profile, ProTaper Universal, and K3 using crown-down technique (N = 8) were used. All canal samples were prepared by reaching an apical canal size of #30. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were recorded and an assessment of canal shape was determined using a computer image analysis program SigmaScan Pro (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). The changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals, (2) the changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals, and (3) the centering ratio were measured at 7 measuring points, and then data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results were as below;
1. The root canal shaping ability of Profile was significantly faster than that of other rotary NiTi instruments (p < 0.05).
2. The deformation and fracture of all instruments used for this study were not experienced.
3. In the degree of changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals, Profile demonstrated the lowest changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals except at the measuring points of the 1 and 2 mm (p < 0.05). However, the ProTaper Universal showed the highest changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals at all measuring points (p < 0.05).
4. In the degree of changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals, Mtwo demonstrated the lowest changse of the dimension of outer walls of canals except at the measuring point of the 1 mm (p < 0.05). However, Profile exhibited the highest changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals at the measuring points of 3 and 4 mm and ProTaper Universal and K3 showed the largest changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals at the measuring points of 1, 2, 6, and 7 mm (p < 0.05).
5. In degree of centering ratio, Profile demonstrated the least centering ratio comparing with the centering ratio shown by other NiTi instruments at the measuring points of 1, 4, 5, and 6 mm.
Results suggest that in the coronal part of canal preparation, active cutting files such as ProTaper Universal may efficiently flare the canal orifice and form a better taper, and in the apical part of the canal, files which have a better centering ability such as Profile may maintain the original canal curvature and reduce the shaping time.
Keywords: Rotary file; Ni-Ti file; Shaping ability

Figure 1

a. The image of block before canal preparation. b. The image of block after canal preparation. c. Superimposed images of the pre-and post-instrumentations.

Figure 2

Mean working time and total working time of four rotary NiTi file.

Table 1

Mean preparation time (sec) with four rotary Ni-Ti files

PT: preparation time. WT: working time. TWT: total instrumentation time.

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from inner canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 3

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from outer canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 4

Deviation of centering ratio at different measurement sites of four rotary Ni-Ti files

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

A positive valu indicates an effect in the measured direction, while a negative valus indicates a shift in the opposite direction

REFERENCES

1. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18(2):269-296.Article PubMed
2. Schilder H, Yee F. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Canal debridement and disinfection. Pathways of the Pulp. 1984;3rd ed. St Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 175-204.
3. Weine FS, Kelly RF, Lio PJ. The effect of preparation procedures on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1(8):255-262.Article PubMed
4. Schafer E, Tepel J, Hoppe W. Properties of endodontic hand instruments used in rotary motion. Part 2. Instrumentation of curved canals. J Endod. 1995;21(10):493-497.Article PubMed
5. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14(7):346-351.Article PubMed
6. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21(3):146-151.Article PubMed
7. Schafer E, Erler M, Dammaschke T. Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2006;39(3):196-202.Article PubMed
8. Kosa DA, Marshall G, Baumgartner JC. An Analysis of Canal Centering Using Mechanical Instrumentation Techniques. J Endod. 1999;25(6):441-445.Article PubMed
9. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Beullens M, Wevers M, Van Meerbeek B, Lambrechts P. Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):288-295.Article PubMed PDF
10. Schafer E, Florek H. Efficiency of rotary nickel titanium K3 instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2003;36(3):199-207.Article PubMed PDF
11. Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004;30(8):559-571.Article PubMed
12. Ayar LR, Love RM. Shaping ability of ProFile and K3 rotary Ni-Ti instruments when used in a variable tip sequence in simulated curved root canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37(9):593-601.Article PubMed
13. Yang GB, Zhou XD, Zhang H, Wu HK. Shaping ability of progressive versus constant taper instruments in simulated root canals. Int Endod J. 2006;39(10):791-799.Article PubMed
14. Yun H, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping ability of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(2):228-233.PubMed
15. Kang MS, Kim HC, Hur B, Park JK. Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(1):1-10.Article
16. Lim JJ, Kim DJ, Hwang YC, Hwangm IN, Oh WM. The change of canal configuration after instrumentation by several Nickel-Titanium files in the simulated canal with abrupt curvature. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(4):303-311.Article
17. Lim YK, Park JK, Hur B, Kim HC. Comparison of shaping ability between single length technique and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(4):385-396.Article
18. Calhoun G, Montgomery S. The effects of four instrumentation techniques on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14(6):273-277.Article PubMed
19. Kum KY, Spangberg L, Cha BY, et al. Shaping ability of three ProFile rotary instrumentation techniques in simulated resin root canals. J Endod. 2000;26: 719-723.Article PubMed
20. Sonntag D, Ott M, Kook K, Stachniss V. Root canal preparation with the NiTi systems K3, Mtwo and ProTaper. Aust Endod J. 2007;33(2):73-81.Article PubMed
21. Lee BK, Kim DJ, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Oh WM. A comparative study on the canal configuration after shaping by profile, protaper™ and K-flexofile in simulated canals with different angles of curvature. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(4):294-302.Article
22. Schäfer E, Oitzinger M. Cutting efficiency of five different types of rotary nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod. 2008;34(2):198-200.PubMed
23. Yoshimine Y, Ono M, Akamine A. The shaping effects of three nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shaped canals. J Endod. 2005;31(5):373-375.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

a. The image of block before canal preparation. b. The image of block after canal preparation. c. Superimposed images of the pre-and post-instrumentations.

Figure 2

Mean working time and total working time of four rotary NiTi file.

Table 1

Mean preparation time (sec) with four rotary Ni-Ti files

PT: preparation time. WT: working time. TWT: total instrumentation time.

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from inner canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 3

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from outer canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 4

Deviation of centering ratio at different measurement sites of four rotary Ni-Ti files

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

A positive valu indicates an effect in the measured direction, while a negative valus indicates a shift in the opposite direction

REFERENCES

1. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18(2):269-296.Article PubMed
2. Schilder H, Yee F. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Canal debridement and disinfection. Pathways of the Pulp. 1984;3rd ed. St Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 175-204.
3. Weine FS, Kelly RF, Lio PJ. The effect of preparation procedures on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1(8):255-262.Article PubMed
4. Schafer E, Tepel J, Hoppe W. Properties of endodontic hand instruments used in rotary motion. Part 2. Instrumentation of curved canals. J Endod. 1995;21(10):493-497.Article PubMed
5. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14(7):346-351.Article PubMed
6. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21(3):146-151.Article PubMed
7. Schafer E, Erler M, Dammaschke T. Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2006;39(3):196-202.Article PubMed
8. Kosa DA, Marshall G, Baumgartner JC. An Analysis of Canal Centering Using Mechanical Instrumentation Techniques. J Endod. 1999;25(6):441-445.Article PubMed
9. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Beullens M, Wevers M, Van Meerbeek B, Lambrechts P. Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):288-295.Article PubMed PDF
10. Schafer E, Florek H. Efficiency of rotary nickel titanium K3 instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2003;36(3):199-207.Article PubMed PDF
11. Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004;30(8):559-571.Article PubMed
12. Ayar LR, Love RM. Shaping ability of ProFile and K3 rotary Ni-Ti instruments when used in a variable tip sequence in simulated curved root canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37(9):593-601.Article PubMed
13. Yang GB, Zhou XD, Zhang H, Wu HK. Shaping ability of progressive versus constant taper instruments in simulated root canals. Int Endod J. 2006;39(10):791-799.Article PubMed
14. Yun H, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping ability of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(2):228-233.PubMed
15. Kang MS, Kim HC, Hur B, Park JK. Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(1):1-10.Article
16. Lim JJ, Kim DJ, Hwang YC, Hwangm IN, Oh WM. The change of canal configuration after instrumentation by several Nickel-Titanium files in the simulated canal with abrupt curvature. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(4):303-311.Article
17. Lim YK, Park JK, Hur B, Kim HC. Comparison of shaping ability between single length technique and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(4):385-396.Article
18. Calhoun G, Montgomery S. The effects of four instrumentation techniques on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14(6):273-277.Article PubMed
19. Kum KY, Spangberg L, Cha BY, et al. Shaping ability of three ProFile rotary instrumentation techniques in simulated resin root canals. J Endod. 2000;26: 719-723.Article PubMed
20. Sonntag D, Ott M, Kook K, Stachniss V. Root canal preparation with the NiTi systems K3, Mtwo and ProTaper. Aust Endod J. 2007;33(2):73-81.Article PubMed
21. Lee BK, Kim DJ, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Oh WM. A comparative study on the canal configuration after shaping by profile, protaper™ and K-flexofile in simulated canals with different angles of curvature. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(4):294-302.Article
22. Schäfer E, Oitzinger M. Cutting efficiency of five different types of rotary nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod. 2008;34(2):198-200.PubMed
23. Yoshimine Y, Ono M, Akamine A. The shaping effects of three nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shaped canals. J Endod. 2005;31(5):373-375.Article PubMed

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A comparison of dimensional standard of several nickel-titanium rotary files
Ki-Won Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Ki-Yeol Choi, Bekir Karabucak, Jin-Woo Kim
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(1): 7. CrossRef

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A comparison of the shaping ability of four rotary nickel-titanium files in simulated root canals

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(2):88-95. Published online March 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.2.088

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Figure

A comparison of the shaping ability of four rotary nickel-titanium files in simulated root canals

Figure 1 a. The image of block before canal preparation. b. The image of block after canal preparation. c. Superimposed images of the pre-and post-instrumentations.

Figure 2 Mean working time and total working time of four rotary NiTi file.

Figure 1

Figure 2

A comparison of the shaping ability of four rotary nickel-titanium files in simulated root canals

Table 1

Mean preparation time (sec) with four rotary Ni-Ti files

PT: preparation time. WT: working time. TWT: total instrumentation time.

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from inner canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 3

Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from outer canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 4

Deviation of centering ratio at different measurement sites of four rotary Ni-Ti files

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

A positive valu indicates an effect in the measured direction, while a negative valus indicates a shift in the opposite direction

Table 1 Mean preparation time (sec) with four rotary Ni-Ti files

PT: preparation time. WT: working time. TWT: total instrumentation time.

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from inner canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Comparison of the amount of resins removed (1/100 mm) from outer canal walls at different measurement sites after preparation

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 4 Deviation of centering ratio at different measurement sites of four rotary Ni-Ti files

Different superscript letter indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).

A positive valu indicates an effect in the measured direction, while a negative valus indicates a shift in the opposite direction