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Review Articles
Translucency changes of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment
Yong-Keun Lee
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(4):239-245.   Published online July 14, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.4.239
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this article was to review the changes in translucency of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment. As a criterion for the evaluation of clinical translucency changes, visual perceptibility threshold in translucency parameter difference (ΔTP) of 2 was used. Translucency changes after curing were perceivable depending on experimental methods and products (largest ΔTP in resin composites = 15.9). Translucency changes after aging were reported as either relatively stable or showed perceivable changes by aging protocols (largest ΔTP in resin composites = -3.8). Translucency changes after curing, aging and treatment were perceivable in several products and experimental methods. Therefore, shade matching of direct esthetic materials should be performed considering these instabilities of translucency in direct esthetic materials.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Color Parameters of Coffee-Stained Nanohybrid Dental Composites with Different Viscosities
    Hetaf S. Redwan, Mohamed A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Abdul-Monem
    European Journal of General Dentistry.2025; 14(01): 027.     CrossRef
  • Color variation of composite resins in relation to the Vita Classical shade guide
    João Vitor Andrade Denadai, Roberto Zimmer, Eduardo Galia Reston, Guilherme Anziliero Arossi
    Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2024; 23: e240869.     CrossRef
  • Effect of whitening concepts on surface roughness and optical characteristics of resin‐based composites: An AFM study
    Ayse Tugba Erturk‐Avunduk, Ebru Delikan, Esra Cengiz‐Yanardag, Izgen Karakaya
    Microscopy Research and Technique.2024; 87(2): 214.     CrossRef
  • Color Appearance of Various Provisional Restorative Materials for Rehabilitation Upon Aging
    Niwut Juntavee, Apa Juntavee, Supichaya Srisontisuk
    European Journal of Dentistry.2023; 17(04): 1263.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of mechanical and optical properties of a newly marketed universal composite resin with contemporary universal composite resins: An in vitro study
    Sevil Gurgan, Uzay Koc Vural, Ivana Miletic
    Microscopy Research and Technique.2022; 85(3): 1171.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between translucencies of anterior resin composites and natural dental tissues
    Melin Balci, Zeynep Ergucu, Esra Uzer Çelik, Lezize Sebnem Turkun
    Color Research & Application.2021; 46(3): 635.     CrossRef
  • Translucency of Zirconia Ceramics before and after Artificial Aging
    Katarzyna Walczak, Heike Meißner, Ursula Range, Andreas Sakkas, Klaus Boening, Mieszko Wieckiewicz, Ioannis Konstantinidis
    Journal of Prosthodontics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Use of Composite Layering Technique to Mask a Discolored Background: Color Analysis of Masking Ability After Aging—Part II
    BG Perez, LL Miotti, AH Susin, LB Durand
    Operative Dentistry.2019; 44(5): 488.     CrossRef
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Criteria for clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials
Yong-Keun Lee
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(3):159-166.   Published online June 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.159
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this review was to suggest practical criteria for the clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials, and to review the translucency with these criteria. For the evaluation of reported translucency values, measuring instrument and method, specimen thickness, background color, and illumination should be scrutinized. Translucency parameter (TP) of 15 to 19 could be regarded as the translucency of 1 mm thick human enamel. Visual perceptibility threshold for translucency difference in contrast ratio (ΔCR) of 0.07 could be transformed into ΔTP value of 2. Translucency differences between direct and indirect resin composites were perceivable (ΔTP > 2). Universal and corresponding flowable resin composites did not show perceivable translucency differences in most products. Translucency differed significantly by the product within each shade group, and by the shade group within each product. Translucency of human enamel and perceptibility threshold for translucency difference may be used as criteria for the clinical evaluation of translucency of esthetic restorative materials.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comprehensive characterization of tobacco-induced changes in enamel surface topography
    Tamanna Kaur, Ramya Ramadoss, Nitya Krishnasamy, Sandhya Sundar, Suganya Panneer Selvam, Hema Shree K
    Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2025; 15(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Artificial Aging on the Optical Properties of High-translucent Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate: An In Vitro Analysis
    Ahmed N Abdelaziz, Shereen A Amin, Mahmoud A Aboulhawa
    International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry.2025; 15(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Color and Translucency Compatibility Among Various Resin-Based Composites and Layering Strategies
    Elena Bianca Varvara, Cristina Gasparik, Javier Ruiz-López, Alexandra Iulia Aghiorghiesei, Bogdan Culic, Diana Dudea
    Dentistry Journal.2025; 13(4): 173.     CrossRef
  • Color Stability Assessment of Single- and Multi-Shade Composites Following Immersion in Staining Food Substances
    Vittorio Checchi, Eleonora Forabosco, Giulia Della Casa, Shaniko Kaleci, Luca Giannetti, Luigi Generali, Pierantonio Bellini
    Dentistry Journal.2024; 12(9): 285.     CrossRef
  • Effects of multiple firings on the translucency, crystalline phase, and mechanical strength of highly translucent zirconia
    Haruko KATADA, Masanao INOKOSHI, Singo KAMIJO, Hengyi LIU, Kaiqi XU, Masakazu KAWASHITA, Taishi YOKOI, Masaya SHIMABUKURO, Shunsuke MINAKUCHI
    Dental Materials Journal.2024; 43(2): 294.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Repolishing on Color Stability, Translucency, and Surface Roughness of Aged Monochromatic Dental Composites
    Mohamed M. Abdul-Monem, Mohamed A. Hussein, Mona G. Abdelrehim
    European Journal of General Dentistry.2024; 13(03): 240.     CrossRef
  • The optical property measuring methods for resin composite using multiple spectrophotometers
    Ji-Hun YOUM, Il Jun JEONG, Jae-Sung KWON, Bum-Soon LIM, Myung-Hwan OH, Kwang-Mahn KIM
    Dental Materials Journal.2024; 43(4): 525.     CrossRef
  • Translucency and Polymerization Ability of Contemporary Resin Composites
    Bianca Alves Barata Mills, Cristian Sbardelotto, Mario Couto Neto, Vladi Oliveira Guimaraes Junior, Larissa Maria Cavalcante, Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider
    Biomaterials Connect.2024; 1(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Dependence on Hue, Value and Opacity of Real-Time- and Post-Curing Light Transmission in a Nano-Hybrid Ormocer
    Nicoleta Ilie
    Materials.2024; 17(2): 496.     CrossRef
  • Flexural strength and translucency of barium‐silicate‐filled resin nanoceramics for additive manufacturing
    Geun‐Taek Park, Kyung‐Ho Ko, Yoon‐Hyuk Huh, Chan‐Jin Park, Lee‐Ra Cho
    Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(3): 445.     CrossRef
  • Color and translucency of enamel in vital maxillary central incisors
    Alvin G. Wee, Damian A. Winkelmann, David J. Gozalo, Masayasu Ito, William M. Johnston
    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2023; 130(6): 878.     CrossRef
  • Performance of two-flux and four-flux models for predicting the spectral reflectance and transmittance factors of flowable dental resin composites
    Vincent Duveiller, Raphaël Clerc, Julien Eymard, Jean-Pierre Salomon, Mathieu Hébert
    Dental Materials.2023; 39(8): 743.     CrossRef
  • Effect of thickness on the translucency of resin-based composites and glass-ceramics
    Sumi KANG, Seung-Yeon RYU, Kwang-Mahn KIM, Sung-Ho PARK
    Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of fracture strength and translucency of 3D printing resin crown for carious primary anterior tooth
    Young-Jun Ham, Joon-Haeng Lee, Jong-Su Kim, Jong-Bin Kim, Mi-Ran Han, Ji-Sun Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2023; 47(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Digital Light Processing of Zirconia Suspensions Containing Photocurable Monomer/Camphor Vehicle for Dental Applications
    Seo-Young Yang, Young-Hag Koh, Hyoun-Ee Kim
    Materials.2023; 16(1): 402.     CrossRef
  • Translucency of CAD/CAM and 3D Printable Composite Materials for Permanent Dental Restorations
    Alessandro Vichi, Dario Balestra, Nicola Scotti, Chris Louca, Gaetano Paolone
    Polymers.2023; 15(6): 1443.     CrossRef
  • Translucency and Radiopacity of Dental Resin Composites – Is There a Direct Relation?
    LPL Rosado, EA Münchow, ELS de Oliveira, R Lacerda-Santos, DQ Freitas, HL Carlo, FS Verner
    Operative Dentistry.2023; 48(3): E61.     CrossRef
  • Light Transmission Characteristics and Cytotoxicity within A Dental Composite Color Palette
    Nicoleta Ilie, Andrei Cristian Ionescu, Karin Christine Huth, Marioara Moldovan
    Materials.2023; 16(10): 3773.     CrossRef
  • Layer characteristics in strength-gradient multilayered yttria-stabilized zirconia
    Masanao Inokoshi, Hengyi Liu, Kumiko Yoshihara, Mao Yamamoto, Watcharapong Tonprasong, Yasuhiko Benino, Shunsuke Minakuchi, Jef Vleugels, Bart Van Meerbeek, Fei Zhang
    Dental Materials.2023; 39(4): 430.     CrossRef
  • Manufacturing and Characterization of Dental Crowns Made of 5-mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Digital Light Processing
    Jae-Min Jung, Gyu-Nam Kim, Young-Hag Koh, Hyoun-Ee Kim
    Materials.2023; 16(4): 1447.     CrossRef
  • Effect of artificial aging on the translucency of monolithic zirconia materials sintered at different temperatures
    Burcu Kanpalta, Defne Burduroğlu, Özlem Kara
    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2022; 128(1): 91.e1.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Two Curing Protocols on the Colour Stability and Translucency of Resin Luting Agents
    Riccardo Monterubbianesi, Flavia Vitiello, Vincenzo Tosco, Rim Bourgi, Angelo Putignano, Giovanna Orsini
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(21): 11120.     CrossRef
  • Optical characteristics of experimental dental composite resin materials
    Diana Leyva del Rio, William Michael Johnston
    Journal of Dentistry.2022; 118: 103949.     CrossRef
  • In Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Optical Properties of Dental Glass-Ceramics
    Kuo-Cheng Fan, Yu-Ling Lin, Hao-Wei Tsao, Hsuan Chen, Sheng-Yang Lee, Yu-Chen Cheng, Hsiao-Ping Huang, Wei-Chun Lin
    Nanomaterials.2022; 12(13): 2187.     CrossRef
  • Translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia; comparison with conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate
    Joon Hee Park, Hyun Ji Bang, Nak-Hyun Choi, Eun-Jin Park
    The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics.2022; 14(5): 324.     CrossRef
  • Color and optical properties of 3D printing restorative polymer‐based materials: A scoping review
    Cristina Espinar, Alvaro Della Bona, María M. Pérez, Rosa Pulgar
    Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2022; 34(6): 853.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aging on the Color and Translucency of Monolithic Translucent Y‐TZP Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of In Vitro Studies
    Chang-yuan Zhang, Check Agingu, James Kit Hon Tsoi, Hao Yu, Fernanda Faot
    BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes Smoking on the Color Stability and Translucency of Tooth Colored Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Analysis
    Hamad A. Alnasser, Ahmed A. Elhejazi, Abdalrahman A. Al-Abdulaziz, Saad S. Alajlan, Syed Rashid Habib
    Coatings.2021; 11(12): 1568.     CrossRef
  • Color interaction between resin composite layers: An overview
    Eman Hani Ismail
    Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2021; 33(8): 1105.     CrossRef
  • Translucency parameter of conventional restorative glass‐ionomer cements
    Joana Yumi Teruya Uchimura, Francielle Sato, Rosangela Getirana Santana, Rafael Menezes‐Silva, Ligia S. Bueno, Ana Flávia Sanches Borges, Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro, John W. Nicholson, Sharanbir K. Sidhu, Renata Corrêa Pascotto
    Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2021; 33(6): 935.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between translucencies of anterior resin composites and natural dental tissues
    Melin Balci, Zeynep Ergucu, Esra Uzer Çelik, Lezize Sebnem Turkun
    Color Research & Application.2021; 46(3): 635.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Evaluation of Translucency and Color Stability of CAD/CAM Polymer‐Infiltrated Ceramic Materials after Accelerated Aging
    Mohammad D. Al Amri, Nawaf Labban, Saleh Alhijji, Hassan Alamri, Mounir Iskandar, Jeffrey A. Platt
    Journal of Prosthodontics.2021; 30(4): 318.     CrossRef
  • The Thickness and Opacity of Aesthetic Materials Influence the Restoration of Discolored Teeth
    I Durães, A Cavalcanti, P Mathias
    Operative Dentistry.2021; 46(5): 559.     CrossRef
  • Bulk-Fill Direct Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Physio-Mechanical Properties
    Hui Woon Yeo, May Yeh Loo, Mariam Alkhabaz, Kai Chun Li, Joanne Jung Eun Choi, Abdullah Barazanchi
    Oral.2021; 1(2): 75.     CrossRef
  • Color and Translucency Stability of Three-Dimensional Printable Dental Materials for Crown and Bridge Restorations
    Jong-Eun Kim, Won-Huy Choi, Dasun Lee, Yooseok Shin, Sung-Ho Park, Byoung-Duck Roh, Dohyun Kim
    Materials.2021; 14(3): 650.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Veneering and Hydrothermal Aging on the Translucency of Newly Introduced Extra Translucent and High Translucent Zirconia with Different Thicknesses
    Sevki Cinar, Bike Altan, Victor Feitosa
    BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vitro optical characterization of dental resin composite aged in darkness
    Sarah S. Mikhail, William M. Johnston
    Color Research & Application.2020; 45(2): 345.     CrossRef
  • Color Stability of Dental Reinforced CAD/CAM Hybrid Composite Blocks Compared to Regular Blocks
    Yeong-Ah Kang, Han-Ah Lee, Joseph Chang, Wonjoon Moon, Shin Hye Chung, Bum-Soon Lim
    Materials.2020; 13(21): 4722.     CrossRef
  • Highly translucent dental resin composites through refractive index adaption using zirconium dioxide nanoparticles and organic functionalization
    Carina Kolb, Katrin Gumpert, Herbert Wolter, Gerhard Sextl
    Dental Materials.2020; 36(10): 1332.     CrossRef
  • Spatial Distribution of the Micro-Mechanical Properties in High-Translucent CAD/CAM Resin-Composite Blocks
    Nicoleta Ilie
    Materials.2020; 13(15): 3352.     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Study of Light Transmission by Various Dental Restorative Materials and the Tooth Structure
    N Ilie, G Furtos
    Operative Dentistry.2020; 45(4): 442.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Mechanical and Optical Behaviors of CAD/CAM Restorative Materials
    Sevcan Kurtulmus‐Yilmaz, Esra Cengiz, Salim Ongun, Izgen Karakaya
    Journal of Prosthodontics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of accelerated artificial aging on the translucency and color stability of monolithic ceramics with different surface treatments
    Meral Kurt, Bilge Turhan Bal
    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2019; 121(4): 712.e1.     CrossRef
  • Translucency thresholds for dental materials
    Marianne Salas, Cristina Lucena, Luis Javier Herrera, Ana Yebra, Alvaro Della Bona, María M. Pérez
    Dental Materials.2018; 34(8): 1168.     CrossRef
  • Color and Translucency of Resin-based Composites: Comparison of A-shade Specimens Within Various Product Lines
    D Kim, S-H Park
    Operative Dentistry.2018; 43(6): 642.     CrossRef
  • Effect of 2 Bleaching Agents with a Content of High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide on Stained 2 CAD/CAM Blocks and a Nanohybrid Composite Resin: An AFM Evaluation
    İzgen Karakaya, Esra Cengiz
    BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of glass chemistry on the optical properties of highly translucent alumina-glass biocomposites for dental restorations
    Afonso Chimanski, Paulo Francisco Cesar, Humberto Naoyuki Yoshimura
    Ceramics International.2017; 43(16): 13970.     CrossRef
  • Relative Translucency of a Multilayered Ultratranslucent Zirconia Material
    Loubna Shamseddine, Zeina Majzoub
    The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2017; 18(12): 1099.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Effect of restoration type on the stress distribution of endodontically treated maxillary premolars; Three-dimensional finite element study
Heun-Sook Jung, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Kwang-Hoon Kim, Kwon Son, Jeong-Kil Park
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(1):8-19.   Published online January 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.008
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four restorative materials under various occlusal loading conditions on the stress distribution at the CEJ of buccal, palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface of endodontically treated maxillary second premolar, using a 3D finte element analysis.

A 3D finite element model of human maxillary second premolar was endodontically treated. After endodontic treatment, access cavity was filled with Amalgam, resin, ceramic or gold of different mechanical properties. A static 500N forces were applied at the buccal (Load-1) and palatal cusp (Load-2) and a static 170N forces were applied at the mesial marginal ridge and palatal cusp simultaneously as centric occlusion (Load-3). Under 3-type Loading condition, the value of tensile stress was analyzed after 4-type restoration at the CEJ of buccal and palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface

Excessive high tensile stresses were observed along the palatal CEJ in Load-1 case and buccal CEJ in Load-2 in all of the restorations. There was no difference in magnitude of stress in relation to the type of restorations. Heavy tensile stress concentrations were observed around the loading point and along the central groove of occlusal surface in all of the restorations. There was slight difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations. High tensile stress concentrations around the loading points were observed and there was no difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations in Load-3.

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Microleakage of endodontic temporary restorative materials under dynamic loading
Dong-Ho Jung, Young-Sin Noh, Hae-Doo Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, Hyun-Wook Ryu, Kyung-San Min
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(3):198-203.   Published online May 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.3.198
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing abilities of four endodontic temporary restorative materials using a methylene blue dye penetration test under dynamic loading. Standardized access cavities were prepared in forty-four intact human permanent molar teeth, and the cavities were restored with Caviton, MD-Temp, IRM, or ZOE. After thermocycling, an intermittent load of 98 N at 1 Hz was applied for 1,000 cycles to the long axis of the functional cusp of each of the teeth, which were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution. The teeth were split in half, and the linear depth of dye penetration was evaluated according to the criteria. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and Duncan's multiple range test. The results demonstrated that Caviton and MD-Temp showed significantly lower microleakage than IRM and ZOE. It was concluded that Caviton and MD-Temp exhibited better sealing ability than IRM and ZOE under dynamic loading.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Coronal microleakage of four temporary restorative materials in Class II-type endodontic access preparations
    Sang-Mi Yun, Lorena Karanxha, Hee-Jin Kim, Sung-Ho Jung, Su-Jung Park, Kyung-San Min
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 29.     CrossRef
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Influence of microhardness and fluoride content of tooth structure by fluoride-containing restorative materials
Su-Jong Lee, Young-Gon Cho, Jong-Uk Kim, Byung-Cheul Park
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(1):36-43.   Published online January 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.1.036
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness and the fluoride content of enamel and dentin around fluoride- or non fluoride-containing restorations. Forty extracted human teeth were used and prepared cervical cavities on proximal surface. Experimental teeth were divided into five groups. Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT and Z100, Group 2 : Prime & Bond NT and F2000, Group 3 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Z100, Group 4 : Scothcbond Multi-purpose and F2000, Group 5 : Fuji II LC. The cavities were filled with dentin adhesives and restorative materials. After each tooth was bisected, one half was tested microhardness and the other half was analyzed the fluoride at the enamel and dentin by an EPMA-WDX device. The results were as follows:

1. There was no statistical difference among the microhardness of enamel surface in all group.

2. The microhardness at dentin of 100 µm point in Group 2 and 20 µm point in Group 4 was lower than that of normal dentin (p>0.05).

3. There was no statistical difference among the fluoride content of enamel surface in all group.

4. The fluoride content at the dentin of 30 µm point in Group 2 and 5 were higher than those at 100 µm and 200 µm point in Group 2 and normal dentin (p<0.05).

5. At the dentin of 30 µm point, Group 2 showed higher fluoride content than Group 1 and 3, and Group 5 showed higher fluoride content than other groups.

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