Figure 1

Differences in ΔE^* between control group and experimental group obtained using Shade Vision (SV), Chroma Meter CR 321 (CR) and Vitapan shade guide (VP).

Figure 2

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Chroma Meter CR 321.

Figure 3

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Shade Vision.

Figure 4

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Vitapan classical shade guide.

Table 1

CIE Lab^* values^§ of each shade tab coded in the Vita classical shade guide and their ordinal values converted by the descending-ordered brightness sequence

^§O'Brien WJ, Groh CL, Boenke KM9). A new, small-color-difference equation for dental shades. J Dent Res 69:1762-1764, 1990.

Table 2

Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3

Shade Vision: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 4

Chroma Meter CR 321: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 5

Vitapan classical shade guide: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 6

Gingival inflammation index, Plaque index, and change in Electric pulp test scores before and after bleaching with experimental and control strips

Table 7

Initial ordinal shade values^§ of the experimental and control groups measured using Shade Vision and Vitapan classical shade guide and their changes after bleaching study

^§The shade code of each tab in Vita classical shade guide were converted to ordinal values by the descending-ordered brightness sequence.

REFERENCES

• 1. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20: 238-244.ArticlePubMed
• 2. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1988;4: 23-26.ArticlePubMed
• 3. Nathoo SA. The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128: suppl. 6S-10S.ArticlePubMed
• 4. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1989;20: 173-176.PubMed
• 5. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching: how safe is it? Quintessence Int. 1991;22: 515-523.PubMed
• 6. Park SH, Moon HS, Han SB. The efficacy and safety of 6% hydrogen peroxide as home tooth bleaching gel. J Korean Acad Periodontol. 1994;24: 433-440.
• 7. Park DY, Jung SH, Ma DS, Chang SY, Yun SY. Randomized controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of a 2.6 % hydrogen peroxide containing tooth - whitening strips. J Korean Acad Dent Health. 2002;26: 385-396.
• 8. Gerlach RW, Gibb RD, Sagel PA. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(29):S22-S28.PubMed
• 9. O'Brien WJ, Groh CL, Boenke KM. A new, small-color-difference equation for dental shades. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1762-1764.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 10. Seghi RR, Gritz MD, Kim J. Colorimetric changes in composites resulting from visible-light-initiated polymerization. Dent Mater. 1990;6: 133-137.ArticlePubMed
• 11. Asmussen E. An accelerated test for color stability of restorative resins. Acta Odontol Scnad. 1982;39: 329-332.Article
• 12. Gross MD, Moser JB. A colorimetric study of coffee and tea staining of four composite resins. J Oral Rehabil. 1977;4: 311-322.ArticlePubMed
• 13. Ruyter IE, Nilner K, Moller B. Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers. Dent Mater. 1987;3: 246-251.ArticlePubMed
• 14. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 488-495.PubMed
• 15. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shethri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in-office and at-home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 114-121.PubMed
• 16. Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Development and evaluation of a method in vitro to study the effectiveness of tooth bleaching. J Dent. 2003;31: 415-422.ArticlePubMed
• 17. Tavares M, Stultz J, Bewman M, Smith V, Kent R, Carpino E, Goodson JM. Light augments tooth whitening with peroxide. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134: 167-175.ArticlePubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Differences in ΔE^* between control group and experimental group obtained using Shade Vision (SV), Chroma Meter CR 321 (CR) and Vitapan shade guide (VP).

Figure 2

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Chroma Meter CR 321.

Figure 3

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Shade Vision.

Figure 4

Shade changes by the bleaching procedure in overall means of L^*, a^*, and b^* measured using Vitapan classical shade guide.

Table 1

CIE Lab^* values^§ of each shade tab coded in the Vita classical shade guide and their ordinal values converted by the descending-ordered brightness sequence

^§O'Brien WJ, Groh CL, Boenke KM9). A new, small-color-difference equation for dental shades. J Dent Res 69:1762-1764, 1990.

Table 2

Age and gender of the participants in the study

Table 3

Shade Vision: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 4

Chroma Meter CR 321: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 5

Vitapan classical shade guide: color measurements, color changes and their statistical results

Abbreviations; tx: treatment, R: correlation coefficient between the measrements before treatment and the changes after treatment, SD: standard deviation, D: mean differences, NS: not significant

^*, ^**, and ^*** mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Sample numbers of overall measurements: Control, n = 288; Experimental, n = 276)

Sample numbers of each tooth measurements: Control, n = 24; Experimental, n = 23)

Table 6

Gingival inflammation index, Plaque index, and change in Electric pulp test scores before and after bleaching with experimental and control strips

Table 7

Initial ordinal shade values^§ of the experimental and control groups measured using Shade Vision and Vitapan classical shade guide and their changes after bleaching study

^§The shade code of each tab in Vita classical shade guide were converted to ordinal values by the descending-ordered brightness sequence.

REFERENCES

• 1. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20: 238-244.ArticlePubMed
• 2. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1988;4: 23-26.ArticlePubMed
• 3. Nathoo SA. The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128: suppl. 6S-10S.ArticlePubMed
• 4. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1989;20: 173-176.PubMed
• 5. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching: how safe is it? Quintessence Int. 1991;22: 515-523.PubMed
• 6. Park SH, Moon HS, Han SB. The efficacy and safety of 6% hydrogen peroxide as home tooth bleaching gel. J Korean Acad Periodontol. 1994;24: 433-440.
• 7. Park DY, Jung SH, Ma DS, Chang SY, Yun SY. Randomized controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of a 2.6 % hydrogen peroxide containing tooth - whitening strips. J Korean Acad Dent Health. 2002;26: 385-396.
• 8. Gerlach RW, Gibb RD, Sagel PA. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(29):S22-S28.PubMed
• 9. O'Brien WJ, Groh CL, Boenke KM. A new, small-color-difference equation for dental shades. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1762-1764.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 10. Seghi RR, Gritz MD, Kim J. Colorimetric changes in composites resulting from visible-light-initiated polymerization. Dent Mater. 1990;6: 133-137.ArticlePubMed
• 11. Asmussen E. An accelerated test for color stability of restorative resins. Acta Odontol Scnad. 1982;39: 329-332.Article
• 12. Gross MD, Moser JB. A colorimetric study of coffee and tea staining of four composite resins. J Oral Rehabil. 1977;4: 311-322.ArticlePubMed
• 13. Ruyter IE, Nilner K, Moller B. Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers. Dent Mater. 1987;3: 246-251.ArticlePubMed
• 14. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 488-495.PubMed
• 15. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shethri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in-office and at-home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent. 2003;28: 114-121.PubMed
• 16. Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Development and evaluation of a method in vitro to study the effectiveness of tooth bleaching. J Dent. 2003;31: 415-422.ArticlePubMed
• 17. Tavares M, Stultz J, Bewman M, Smith V, Kent R, Carpino E, Goodson JM. Light augments tooth whitening with peroxide. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134: 167-175.ArticlePubMed

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