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HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 27(6); 2002 > Article
Original Article EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES
Joon-Sok Na, Sun-Wa Jeong, Yun-Chan Hwang, Sun-Ho Kim, Chang Yun, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2002;27(6):-568.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.561
Published online: January 14, 2002

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Copyright © 2002 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose of this research is estimating polymerization depth of different source of light. XL 3000 for halogen light, Apollo 95E for plasma arc light and Easy cure for LED light source were used in this study. Different shade (B1 & A3) resin composites (Esthet-X, Dentsply, U.S.A.) were used to measure depth of cure. 1, 2, and 3 mm thick samples were light cured for three seconds, six seconds or 10 seconds with Apollo 95E and they were light cured with XL-3000 and Easy cure for 10 seconds, 20 seconds, or 40 seconds. Vicker's hardness test carried out after store samples for 24 hours in distilled water.
    Results were as following.

    1. Curing time increases from all source of lights, curing depth increased(p<0.05).

    2. Depth (that except 1mm group and 2mm group which lighten to halogen source of light) deepens in all groups, Vickers hardness decreased(p<0.05).

    3. Vicker's hardness of A3 shade composite was lower in all depths more than B1 shade composites in group that do polymerization for 10 seconds and 20 seconds using halogen source of light(p<0.05), but group that do polymerization for 40 seconds did not show difference(p>0.05).

    4. Groups that do polymerization using Plasma arc and LED source of light did not show Vicker's hardness difference according to color at surface and 1mm depth(p>0.05), but showed difference according to color at 2mm and 3mm depth(p<0.05). The results showed that Apollo 95E need more polymerization times than manufacturer's recommendation (3 seconds), and Easy cure need polymerization time of XL-3000 at least.

  • Keywords: Curing depth; Plasma Arc; LED light
Fig. 1.
Schematic drawing of specimen fabrication.
jkacd-27-561f1.jpg
Fig. 2.
Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by XL 3000
jkacd-27-561f2.jpg
Fig. 3.
Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Apollo 95E.
jkacd-27-561f3.jpg
Fig. 4.
Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Easy cure.
jkacd-27-561f4.jpg
Fig. 5.
Mean VHN of B1 shade groups on top surface.
jkacd-27-561f5.jpg
Fig. 6.
Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 1mm from the top surface.
jkacd-27-561f6.jpg
Fig. 7.
Mean VHN of B1 shdae experimental groups on 2mm from the top surface.
jkacd-27-561f7.jpg
Fig. 8.
Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 3mm from the top surface.
jkacd-27-561f8.jpg
Fig. 9.
Ratio of the VHN by depth in B1 shade.
jkacd-27-561f9.jpg
Fig. 10.
Ratio of the VHN by depth in A3 shade.
jkacd-27-561f10.jpg
Table 1.
Composition of Esthet∙X
Matrix Filler
ethoxylated Bisphenol-A- inorganic bariumalumino
dimethacrylate fluroborosilicate(BAFG)
Triethylene glycol dimet- glass with nano-sized sili-
hacrylate(TEGDMA) con dioxide particles
photoinitiation system vol: 60%
diketone, Camphoroquin- weight: 77%
one(CQ)
Table 2.
Tested light curing unit
Curing unit Manufacturer Light source Tip Diameter
XL 3000 3M, U.S.A. Halogen lamp 12 mm
Apollo 95E DMD, U.S.A. Xenon lamp 7.5 mm
Easy cure ICS, U.S.A. LED light 8 mm
Table 3.
Light source, resin shade and irradiation time for tested group
Light source Curing unit Time of i rradiation Tested shade
Halogen XL 3000 10, 20, 40sec B1, A3
Plasma arc Apollo 95E 3, 6, 10sec B1, A3
LED Easy cure 10, 20, 40sec B1, A3
Table 4.
Vicker's hardness number of B1 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15
Curing unit Curing time top bottom
1mm 2mm 3mm
10s 57.43(3.76) 54.14(5.06)c,d 53.20(6.48)d 33.77(5.47)
XL 3000 20s 60.68(5.38) 57.66(5.27)g 56.40(5.18)g 42.81(3.92)
40s 63.40(3.49)a 61.78(4.49)h 61.49(6.06)h 56.23(7.06)f
3s 62.36(2.36) 55.07(3.44)c 40.04(6.38) 30.87(3.88)
Apollo 95E 6s 70.33(4.81)b 62.89(3.95) 60.40(3.87) 52.23(6.71)
10s 72.47(4.73) 68.59(2.04)e 64.00(3.48) 56.71(2.47)
10s 63.31(4.22)a 51.42(4.21) 38.39(2.34) 27.43(3.47)
Easy cure 20s 68.33(3.68) 63.63(2.64) 48.60(3.76) 37.72(5.90)
40s 70.66(6.20)b 69.13(5.46)e 64.90(3.21) 54.70(7.51)f

The same letters were not significantly different.

Table 5.
Vicker's hardness number of A3 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15
Curing unit Curing time top bottom
1mm 2mm 3mm
10s 51.27(5.12) 46.50(5.36) 41.65(3.28) 29.73(3.89)
XL 3000 20s 57.25(2.30) 55.82(1.69) 47.80(3.07) 46.55(3.07)
40s 62.39(3.07)* 60.94(5.26)* 59.70(4.58)* 55.51(3.23)*
3s 61.69(2.60)* 56.49(4.96)* 49.45(1.64) 25.00(3.70)
Apollo 95E 6s 65.87(3.09) 62.45(1.32)* 52.93(3.82) 36.96(2.89)
10s 74.87(1.87)* 64.79(1.71) 54.49(0.77) 52.81(1.51)
10s 55.27(1.92) 49.51(4.93)* 29.10(4.65) 22.00(3.25)
Easy cure 20s 62.87(3.09) 59.55(4.88) 44.08(5.26) 29.52(4.24)
40s 70.87(3.50)* 62.91(2.18) 60.87(4.44) 43.89(7.08)

*: No significant difference with B1 shade.

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      Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(5): 353.     CrossRef

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      EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES
      J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002;27(6):561-568.   Published online January 14, 2002
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.561
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    EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES
    Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
    Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of specimen fabrication.
    Fig. 2. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by XL 3000
    Fig. 3. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Apollo 95E.
    Fig. 4. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Easy cure.
    Fig. 5. Mean VHN of B1 shade groups on top surface.
    Fig. 6. Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 1mm from the top surface.
    Fig. 7. Mean VHN of B1 shdae experimental groups on 2mm from the top surface.
    Fig. 8. Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 3mm from the top surface.
    Fig. 9. Ratio of the VHN by depth in B1 shade.
    Fig. 10. Ratio of the VHN by depth in A3 shade.

    Fig. 1.

    Fig. 2.

    Fig. 3.

    Fig. 4.

    Fig. 5.

    Fig. 6.

    Fig. 7.

    Fig. 8.

    Fig. 9.

    Fig. 10.

    EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES
    Matrix Filler
    ethoxylated Bisphenol-A- inorganic bariumalumino
    dimethacrylate fluroborosilicate(BAFG)
    Triethylene glycol dimet- glass with nano-sized sili-
    hacrylate(TEGDMA) con dioxide particles
    photoinitiation system vol: 60%
    diketone, Camphoroquin- weight: 77%
    one(CQ)
    Curing unit Manufacturer Light source Tip Diameter
    XL 3000 3M, U.S.A. Halogen lamp 12 mm
    Apollo 95E DMD, U.S.A. Xenon lamp 7.5 mm
    Easy cure ICS, U.S.A. LED light 8 mm
    Light source Curing unit Time of i rradiation Tested shade
    Halogen XL 3000 10, 20, 40sec B1, A3
    Plasma arc Apollo 95E 3, 6, 10sec B1, A3
    LED Easy cure 10, 20, 40sec B1, A3
    Curing unit Curing time top bottom
    1mm 2mm 3mm
    10s 57.43(3.76) 54.14(5.06)c,d 53.20(6.48)d 33.77(5.47)
    XL 3000 20s 60.68(5.38) 57.66(5.27)g 56.40(5.18)g 42.81(3.92)
    40s 63.40(3.49)a 61.78(4.49)h 61.49(6.06)h 56.23(7.06)f
    3s 62.36(2.36) 55.07(3.44)c 40.04(6.38) 30.87(3.88)
    Apollo 95E 6s 70.33(4.81)b 62.89(3.95) 60.40(3.87) 52.23(6.71)
    10s 72.47(4.73) 68.59(2.04)e 64.00(3.48) 56.71(2.47)
    10s 63.31(4.22)a 51.42(4.21) 38.39(2.34) 27.43(3.47)
    Easy cure 20s 68.33(3.68) 63.63(2.64) 48.60(3.76) 37.72(5.90)
    40s 70.66(6.20)b 69.13(5.46)e 64.90(3.21) 54.70(7.51)f
    Curing unit Curing time top bottom
    1mm 2mm 3mm
    10s 51.27(5.12) 46.50(5.36) 41.65(3.28) 29.73(3.89)
    XL 3000 20s 57.25(2.30) 55.82(1.69) 47.80(3.07) 46.55(3.07)
    40s 62.39(3.07)* 60.94(5.26)* 59.70(4.58)* 55.51(3.23)*
    3s 61.69(2.60)* 56.49(4.96)* 49.45(1.64) 25.00(3.70)
    Apollo 95E 6s 65.87(3.09) 62.45(1.32)* 52.93(3.82) 36.96(2.89)
    10s 74.87(1.87)* 64.79(1.71) 54.49(0.77) 52.81(1.51)
    10s 55.27(1.92) 49.51(4.93)* 29.10(4.65) 22.00(3.25)
    Easy cure 20s 62.87(3.09) 59.55(4.88) 44.08(5.26) 29.52(4.24)
    40s 70.87(3.50)* 62.91(2.18) 60.87(4.44) 43.89(7.08)
    Table 1. Composition of Esthet∙X

    Table 2. Tested light curing unit

    Table 3. Light source, resin shade and irradiation time for tested group

    Table 4. Vicker's hardness number of B1 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

    The same letters were not significantly different.

    Table 5. Vicker's hardness number of A3 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

    : No significant difference with B1 shade.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

    Table 5.

    Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
    © The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
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