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- Research Article The effects of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold nickel-titanium instruments
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Taha Özyürek1
, Koray Yılmaz2, Gülşah Uslu1 -
2017;42(4):-308.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.301
Published online: November 2, 2017
1Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey.
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- Correspondence to Gülşah Uslu, DDS, MSc. Research Assistant, Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, 55137, Turkey. Tel: +90-362-312-1919, Fax: +90-362-457-3062, gulsah.turkkan@hotmail.com
• Received: June 5, 2017 • Accepted: September 19, 2017
Copyright © 2017. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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XML DownloadThe effects of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold nickel-titanium instruments
Figure 1 The artificial canal that used in the present study (the radii and the angle of the curvature).
Figure 2 Scanning electron microscopic appearances of the ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN), and ProTaper Gold (PTG) files after cyclic fatigue testing. View of the fractured surface (A) PTU, (C) PTN, and (E) PTG and high-magnification view of (B) PTU, (D) PTN, and (F) PTG instruments showing fatigue striations typical of cyclic fatigue (arrows).ProTaper Gold, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer; ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Maillefer.
Figure 1
Figure 2
The effects of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold nickel-titanium instruments
Baseline scores of number of cycles to failure (NCF) for all nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (no sterilization)
| Sterilization condition | ProTaper Gold | ProTaper Next | ProTaper Universal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCF | G3 | G4 | NCF | G3 | G4 | NCF | G3 | G4 | ||
| No sterilization | 1,045.21 ± 198.24 | 525.44 ± 94.67 | 248.12 ± 32.52 | |||||||
| After cycling to | ||||||||||
| 25% of NCF | 262 | 20 | 20 | 132 | 20 | 20 | 62 | 20 | 20 | |
| 50% of NCF | 523 | 20 | 19 | 263 | 18 | 17 | 124 | 15 | 14 | |
| 75% of NCF | 784 | 19 | 18 | 394 | 16 | 16 | 186 | 13 | 12 | |
Values are presented as number of instruments. The number of instruments that survived after being cycled to the cycles of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the mean baseline NCF values (ProTaper Gold, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer; ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Maillefer).
G3, group 3 (instruments tested were sterilized after being exposed to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF); G4, group 4 (instruments exposed at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF without any sterilization).
The number of cycles to failure (NCF) for instruments that were not sterilized as received from the package (group 1), instruments sterilized 10 times before any use (group 2), instruments tested were sterilized after being exposed to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF (group 3), and instruments exposed at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF without any sterilization (group 4)
| Group | ProTaper Gold | ProTaper Next | ProTaper Universal | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As received without sterilization (group 1) | 1,045.21 ± 198.24Aa | 525.44 ± 94.67Ba | 248.12 ± 32.52Ca | < 0.05 |
| Sterilization 10 times before cyclic stress (group 2) | 1,306.34 ± 248.22Ab | 624.26 ± 112.72Bb | 252.09 ± 33.59Ca | < 0.05 |
| Sterilized after each cyclic stress (group 3) | 1,107.55 ± 210.04Aa | 713.32 ± 128.92Bb | 223.52 ± 28.43Ca | < 0.05 |
| No sterilization, but tested after cyclic stresses (group 4) | 1,003.67 ± 190.26Aa | 504.67 ± 90.23Ba | 231.87 ± 30.62Ca | < 0.05 |
| p value | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | > 0.05 | - |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (ProTaper Gold, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer; ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Maillefer).
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (A,B,Cfor rows, a,bfor columns) (p < 0.05).
Table 1 Baseline scores of number of cycles to failure (NCF) for all nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (no sterilization)
Values are presented as number of instruments. The number of instruments that survived after being cycled to the cycles of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the mean baseline NCF values (ProTaper Gold, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer; ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Maillefer).
G3, group 3 (instruments tested were sterilized after being exposed to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF); G4, group 4 (instruments exposed at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF without any sterilization).
Table 2 The number of cycles to failure (NCF) for instruments that were not sterilized as received from the package (group 1), instruments sterilized 10 times before any use (group 2), instruments tested were sterilized after being exposed to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF (group 3), and instruments exposed at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the NCF without any sterilization (group 4)
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (ProTaper Gold, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer; ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Maillefer).
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (A,B,Cfor rows, a,bfor columns) (
