Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Concentrated growth factor scaffold-based pulpotomy of permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: Arthi K. Harith, Vishnupriya Koteeswaran, Dinesh Kowsky, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan, Suresh Nandini; Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(1):e1. Published online January 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
Pulpotomy is a minimally invasive procedure that aims to retain the vitality of the radicular pulp by removing the inflamed coronal pulp tissue. This case series presents the successful management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis by pulpotomy with concentrated growth factor (CGF) scaffolds.
Methods
Six permanent mandibular molars with a diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included. Under Local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, caries were excavated using high-speed bur under coolant. Full coronal pulpotomy was done and hemostasis was achieved. CGF membrane was prepared and placed over the radicular pulp and layered with Biodentine (Septodont). Final restoration of type IX glass ionomer cement and bulk fill composite resin was placed. Patients were assessed for various clinical and radiographic parameters at intervals of 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months. Five patients fulfilled the success criteria at the end of 1 year.
Results
Pulpotomy is considered an alternative treatment modality for root canal treatment in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis aiming at alleviating symptoms and maintaining vitality. CGF scaffold when used as a capping material acts as a reservoir for growth factors with anti-inflammatory properties and enhances healing.
Conclusions
Scaffold-based pulpotomy can be considered a biological approach to healing inflamed pulp.

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Evaluation of mineral induction ability and cytotoxicity of carbonated hydroxyapatite for pulp tissue regeneration: an in vitro study: S. Swathi Priyadharshini, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, Anand Sherwood, J. Ramana Ramya, Jogikalmat Krithikadatta; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(4):e40. Published online October 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e40

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)’s ability for mineral induction and its in vitro cytotoxicity with human dental pulp cells.

Materials and Methods

Precursors for the study include di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, with sodium hydrogen carbonate added to achieve different levels of carbonate substitution. The synthesized CHA samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe morphology. For 14 days at 37°C, samples were submerged in simulated body fluid to assess their mineral induction capabilities. SEM was used to confirm apatite formation on sample surfaces. The cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the vitality of the cells following their exposure to various concentrations of CHA.

Results

The Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards data for HA aligned well with the results from X-ray diffraction analysis of CHA across 3 different concentrations, indicating strong agreement. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of phosphate, hydroxyl, and carbonate groups within the samples. SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis show agglomerated and flaky nanoparticles. All the samples are bioactive, but the formation of apatite differs from one another. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that over 70% of cells maintain viability.

Conclusions

The results of this study may provide insight into the potential use of carbonated HA as a dental pulp-capping material for vital pulp therapy.

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Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and morphological interface of carbonated hydroxyapatite with other pulp capping materials: An in vitro analysis
S. Swathi Priyadharshini, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, I. Anand Sherwood, Ramanaramya Jeyapalan
Endodontology.2025; 37(1): 90. CrossRef
Smart Nanomaterials: Current State and Future Prospects in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
E. Elizabeth Rani, D. Sakthi Sanjana, E. Karthikeyan, J. Nandhini
Biomedical Materials & Devices.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Thermoresponsive Nanomaterials: Revolutionizing Cancer Theranostics
Bellarmin Michael, Mohanakrishnan Srinivasan, Karthikeyan Elumalai, Lokeshwar Ravikumar, Sivaprakash Kathiresan, Nandhini Jayaprakash
Biomedical Materials & Devices.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bioactive Dioxo-Phosphobetaines derived from the reaction of Dichlorodinitrobenzofuroxane with various phosphines
Irina V. Galkina, Haiyan Fan, Semen R. Romanov, Dmitriy I. Bakhtiyarov, Luisa M. Usupova, Svetlana N. Egorova, Yulia V. Bakhtiyarova, Enrico Benassi
Bioorganic Chemistry.2025; 163: 108695. CrossRef

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Histological evaluation of pulp response to alendronate and Biodentine as pulp capping agents: an animal study: Thangavel Boopathi, Sekar Manimaran, Joseline Charles Kerena, Mathew Sebeena, Kumaravadivel Karthick, Natesan Thangaraj Deepa; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(4):e39. Published online October 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e39

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This study aimed to comparatively assess the histological response of the pulp toward alendronate and Biodentine in a direct pulp capping procedure.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-four anterior teeth from 6 New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Firstly, all rabbits were anesthetized according to their weight. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of anterior teeth. A pin-point exposure of the pulp was then made using a small, sterile round carbide bur and bleeding was arrested with a saline-soaked, sterile cotton pellet. The teeth under study were divided into 2 groups (n = 12). The intentionally exposed pulp was capped with alendronate (Group 1) and Biodentine (Group 2), correspondingly. After 30 days, all rabbits were euthanized; the teeth under study were extracted and taken up for histological analysis.
Results
Biodentine showed an intact, very dense dentin bridge formation with a uniform odontoblast (OD) layer pattern and mild or absent inflammatory response whereas specimens capped with alendronate demonstrated a dense dentin bridge formation with non-uniform OD layer pattern and mild to moderate inflammatory response.
Conclusions
Biodentine showed more biocompatibility than alendronate. However, alendronate can initiate reparative dentin formation and may be used as an alternative pulp capping agent.

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Success rate of direct pulp capping on permanent teeth using bioactive materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials: Karem Paula Pinto, Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva, Cláudio Malizia Alves Ferreira, Luciana Moura Sassone, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(4):e34. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e34

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) on permanent teeth, comparing the use of MTA with calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate-based cements. A systematic search was carried out in 4 databases until July 2023. The selection was based on PICOS criteria and only randomized clinical trials were included. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB-2 tool, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The overall quality of evidence was determined using the GRADE tool. Thirteen studies were included. Meta-analyses indicated significantly higher success rate for DPC using MTA compared to calcium hydroxide, while no significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine, showing a success rate from 80% to 100% even after 3 years of follow-up. Five studies were classified as having high risk of bias and the GRADE assessment revealed low certainty of evidence. DPC is highly effective for permanent teeth when using MTA or Biodentine. There is a need for future well-designed randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of DPC using newer bioceramic materials.

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Assessment of mechanical allodynia in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth: a clinical study: Vaishnavi Ratnakar Patankar, Ashish K Jain, Rahul D Rao, Prajakta R Rao; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e31. Published online July 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e31

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data.
Results
Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially.
Conclusions
Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA.

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Endodontic characteristics of mandibular premolar with dens evaginatus: a retrospective study: Minjin Kim, Sujin Jeon, Min-Seock Seo; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e28. Published online July 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e28

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the endodontic characteristics of mandibular premolars with dens evaginatus (DE) that require endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods

Patients who underwent endodontic treatment were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent root canal treatment in the lower permanent teeth with DE and were followed up for at least 1 year. Preoperative clinical and radiographic variables were obtained. The frequency distribution of the preoperative variables was compared using the χ² or Fisher’s exact tests. The significance of the change in periapical health index (PAI) and root development stages before and after treatment was examined using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

A total of 150 teeth of 134 patients with an average age of 15.3 years were included. The percentage distribution comparison of the preoperative variables and obturation techniques revealed significant differences in pulpal and periapical diagnosis, and percussion, and especially regarding age, root development stage, and PAI. Age was the only statistically significant preoperative variable associated with root growth (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Approximately, 60% of DEs requiring endodontic treatment had immature roots. Age being the most significant predisposing factor, early treatment provides the greatest opportunity for full root development.

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A tooth with multiple supernumerary cusps and taurodontism concurrently accompanied with other taurodont teeth: a rare case report
Zihui Tang, Hongchen Zhang, Rongrong Dang, Qiushi Zhang, Yan Huang, Yanwei Yang
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Pulp stones: any relevance with the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and uric acid: Ceyda Gürhan, Ercan Saruhan; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(2):e17. Published online March 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e17

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and uric acid levels on pulp stone formation.

Materials and Methods

Patients who were admitted to the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology for dental complaints were registered. Among these patients, individuals who had routine biochemical tests at the same period in the Outpatient Clinics of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The patients with at least 1 pulp stone on panoramic radiographs recorded as the “pulp stone group” while patients without any pulp stones were the “control group”. Demographic data and serum levels of calcium, PTH, vitamin D, and uric acid were retrospectively evaluated in both groups. Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups.

Results

Among 151 patients, dental pulp stone was detected in 53.6% of patients, and 82.7% of these patients were female. Female sex and pulp stone formation were significantly associated (p = 0.001). The mean age of the pulp stone group was 43.9, while it was 39.9 in the control group, without any significant correlation between age and pulp stone (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in serum levels of PTH, vitamin D, uric acid and calcium between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

According to the present study, the effect of dental factors rather than systemic factors should be considered primarily in pulp stone formation.

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A novel deep learning-based pipeline architecture for pulp stone detection on panoramic radiographs
Ceyda Gürhan, Hasan Yiğit, Selim Yılmaz, Cihat Çetinkaya
Oral Radiology.2025; 41(2): 285. CrossRef
Vitamin D deficiency and oral health: a systematic review of literature
Saida Ziada, Aws Wishahe, Najet Mabrouk, Souad Sahtout
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Can different agents reduce the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue? A systematic review of basic research: Letícia Aparecida Silva Batista, Alexandre Henrique dos Reis-Prado, Hebertt Gonzaga dos Santos Chaves, Lara Cancella de Arantes, Luís Fernando Santos Alves Morgan, Carolina Bosso André, Thaís Yumi Suzuki, Francine Benetti; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(4):e39. Published online November 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e39

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different topical/systemic agents in reducing the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue or cells.

Materials and Methods

Electronic searches were performed in July 2023. In vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the effects of different topical or systemic agents on pulp inflammation or cytotoxicity after exposure to bleaching agents were included. The risk of bias was assessed.

Results

Out of 1,112 articles, 27 were included. Nine animal studies evaluated remineralizing/anti-inflammatories agents in rat molars subjected to bleaching with 35%–38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Five of these studies demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammation caused by HP when combined with bioglass or MI Paste Plus (GC America), or following KF-desensitizing or Otosporin treatment (n = 3). However, orally administered drugs did not reduce pulp inflammation (n = 4). Cytotoxicity (n = 17) was primarily assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on human dental pulp cells and mouse dental papilla Cell-23 cells. Certain substances, including sodium ascorbate, butein, manganese chloride, and peroxidase, were found to reduce cytotoxicity, particularly when applied prior to bleaching. The risk of bias was high in animal studies and low in laboratory studies.

Conclusions

Few in vivo studies have evaluated agents to reduce the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue. Within the limitations of these studies, it was found that topical agents were effective in reducing pulp inflammation in animals and cytotoxicity. Further analyses with human pulp are required to substantiate these findings.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022337192

Citations

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Cytotoxicity of Bleaching Products: A Systematic Review
Mireia Montaner, José Luis Sanz, Carmen Llena, María Melo, Clara Puig-Herreros, James Ghilotti
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(9): 3680. CrossRef

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Stem cell-derived exosomes for dentin-pulp complex regeneration: a mini-review: Dina A. Hammouda, Alaa M Mansour, Mahmoud A. Saeed, Ahmed R. Zaher, Mohammed E. Grawish; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(2):e20. Published online May 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e20

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

This mini-review was conducted to present an overview of the use of exosomes in regenerating the dentin-pulp complex (DPC). The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2023. The findings of basic in vitro studies indicated that exosomes enhance the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal cells, as human dental pulp stem cells, via mitogen-activated protein kinases and Wingless-Int signaling pathways. In addition, they possess proangiogenic potential and contribute to neovascularization and capillary tube formation by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Likewise, they regulate the migration and differentiation of Schwann cells, facilitate the conversion of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and mediate immune suppression as they promote regulatory T cell conversion. Basic in vivo studies have indicated that exosomes triggered the regeneration of dentin-pulp–like tissue, and exosomes isolated under odontogenic circumstances are particularly strong inducers of tissue regeneration and stem cell differentiation. Exosomes are a promising regenerative tool for DPC in cases of small pulp exposure or for whole-pulp tissue regeneration.

Citations

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Cell Homing Strategies in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy
David Kim, Sahng G. Kim
Cells.2025; 14(3): 201. CrossRef
Impact of dental pulp cells-derived small extracellular vesicles on the properties and behavior of dental pulp cells: an in-vitro study
Dina A. Hammouda, Alaa M. Mansour, Ahmed R. Zaher, Mohammed E. Grawish
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Methodological Approaches for Economic Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Exosome-based Therapies with Conventional Endodontic Treatments in Regenerative Endodontics
Madina A. Kurmanalina Kurmanalina, Nadiar M. Mussin, Aigul M. Sumanova, Violetta R. Detochkina, Maryam Mardani, Nader Tanideh, Amin Tamadon
West Kazakhstan Medical Journal.2025; 67(2): 188. CrossRef
Exosomal circ_0003057 promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by binding with EIF4A3 through upregulated parental gene ANKH
Bingtao Wang, Yuanyuan Kong, Huixian Dong, Feng Lai, Zixin Guo, Liecong Lin, Jingyi Xu, Jingkun Zhang, Yiguo Jiang, Qianzhou Jiang
International Endodontic Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Mechanistic insights into dental stem cells‐derived exosomes in regenerative endodontics
Paras Ahmad, Nathan Estrin, Nima Farshidfar, Yufeng Zhang, Richard J. Miron
International Endodontic Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exosomes as Promising Therapeutic Tools for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy
Qingyue Kong, Yujie Wang, Nan Jiang, Yifan Wang, Rui Wang, Xiaohan Hu, Jing Mao, Xin Shi
Biomolecules.2024; 14(3): 330. CrossRef
Role and Molecular Mechanism of miR-586 in the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblast-like Cells
Gang Pan, Qianwen Zhou, Chenhua Pan, Yingxue Zhang
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.2024; 83(1): 507. CrossRef

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Effects of CTHRC1 on odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp stem cells: Jong-soon Kim, Bin-Na Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, Yun-Chan Hwang; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(2):e18. Published online April 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e18

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This study aimed to determine whether collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), which is involved in vascular remodeling and bone formation, can stimulate odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis when administered to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
Materials and Methods
The viability of hDPSCs upon exposure to CTHRC1 was assessed with the WST-1 assay. CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL were administered to hDPSCs. Reverse-transcription polymerase reaction was used to detect dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2. The formation of mineralization nodules was evaluated using Alizarin red. A scratch wound assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of CTHRC1 on cell migration. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL had no significant effect on the viability of hDPSCs. Mineralized nodules were formed and odontogenic markers were upregulated, indicating that CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation. Scratch wound assays demonstrated that CTHRC1 significantly enhanced the migration of hDPSCs.
Conclusions
CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in hDPSCs.

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The effects of gingival blood flow on pulpal blood flow detection using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry: animal study: Dohyun Kim, Hyoung-Seok Ko, Soo-Yeon Park, Seung-Yeon Ryu, Sung-ho Park; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(1):e9. Published online January 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of adjacent gingival blood flow on detection of pulpal blood flow (PBF) using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (UDF) through animal study.

Materials and Methods

The study included 36 right and left maxillary the third incisors and canines in 9 experimental dogs. The study included 2 main steps: In the first step, the pulse sound level (PSL) was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth without flap elevation (Group 1), with flap elevation (Group 2), and after it was repositioned in place (Group 3). In the second step, the PSL was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth (Group 4), after pulpotomy (Group 5), after partial pulp extirpation (Group 6), after complete extirpation (Group 7), and after canal filling (Group 8). In Groups 5–8, the study was performed with and without flap elevation in the left and right teeth, respectively. The PSL was graded as follows: 0, inaudible; 1, heard faintly; and 2, heard well. The difference between each group was analyzed using Friedman’s test with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05).

Results

In step 1, the PSL results were Group 1 > 2 and 3. In step 2, there was no significant difference between the groups when the flap was not elevated, while PSL results were Group 4 > 5 ≥ 6 and 7 ≥ 8 when the flap was elevated.

Conclusions

PBF is affected by gingival blood flow when measured with UDF. UDF measurements require isolation of gingiva from the tooth.

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Exploring approaches to pulp vitality assessment: A scoping review of nontraditional methods
Farzaneh Afkhami, Patricia Paule Wright, Philip Yuan‐Ho Chien, Chun Xu, Laurence James Walsh, Ove Andreas Peters
International Endodontic Journal.2024; 57(8): 1065. CrossRef

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Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of calcium-enriched mixture cement, Iranian propolis, and propolis with herbal extracts in primary dental pulp stem cells: Mohammad Esmaeilzadeh, Shirin Moradkhani, Fahimeh Daneshyar, Mohammad Reza Arabestani, Sara Soleimani Asl, Soudeh Tayebi, Maryam Farhadian; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(1):e2. Published online December 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e2

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

In this study, natural substances were introduced as primary dental pulp caps for use in pulp therapy, and the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of these substances were investigated.

Materials and Methods

In this in vitro study, the antimicrobial properties of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, propolis, and propolis individually combined with the extracts of several medicinal plants were investigated against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Then, the cytotoxicity of each substance or mixture against pulp stem cells extracted from 30 primary healthy teeth was evaluated at 4 concentrations. Data were gathered via observation, and optical density values were obtained using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and recorded. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data. Data were evaluated using 2-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test.

Results

Regarding antimicrobial properties, thyme alone and thyme + propolis had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria. For E. faecalis, thyme + propolis had the lowest MIC, followed by thyme alone. At 24 and 72 hours, thyme + propolis, CEM cement, and propolis had the greatest bioviability in the primary dental pulp stem cells, and lavender + propolis had the lowest bioviability.

Conclusions

Of the studied materials, thyme + propolis showed the best results in the measures of practical performance as a dental pulp cap.

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Comprehensive review of composition, properties, clinical applications, and future perspectives of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement: a systematic analysis
Saeed Asgary, Mahtab Aram, Mahta Fazlyab
BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Chinese propolis on dental pulp stem cell viability, migration and cytokine expression
Ha Bin Park, Yen Dinh, Pilar Yesares Rubi, Jennifer L. Gibbs, Benoit Michot
PeerJ.2024; 12: e18742. CrossRef

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The influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration on the fibrin structure of human blood clots and transforming growth factor-beta 1 release: an ex vivo study: Anisha Mishra, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy, Nandini Suresh; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(4):e42. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e42

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Objective
This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human whole-blood clotting kinetics, the structure of the blood clots formed, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release.
Materials and Methods
Human whole blood was collected from 5 healthy volunteers and divided into 4 groups: CG (control, 0.5 mL of blood), BN_0.5 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 0.5% NaOCl), BN₃ (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 3% NaOCl), and BN_5.25 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl). The effects of NaOCl on clotting kinetics, structure of fibrin and cells, and release of TGF-β1 were assessed using thromboelastography (TEG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enzyme-linked immunosobent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by the post hoc Dunn test. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results
The blood samples in BN_0.5 and BN₃ did not clot, whereas the TEG of BN_5.25 showed altered clot formation. Samples from the CG and BN₃ groups could only be processed with SEM, which showed that the latter lacked fibrin formation and branching of fibers, as well as clumping of red blood cells with surface roughening and distortion. TGF-β1 release was significantly highest in BN₃ when all groups were compared to CG (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Each concentration of NaOCl affected the release of TGF-β1 from blood clots and altered the clotting mechanism of blood by affecting clotting kinetics and cell structure.

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Clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment performed by endodontic postgraduate students: a retrospective study: Hadi Rajeh Alfahadi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Fawaz Hamad Alkazman, Nassr Al-Maflehi, Nada Al-Nazhan; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(2):e24. Published online May 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Regenerative endodontic treatment is a clinical procedure aimed at biologically regenerating damaged root canal tissue of immature permanent teeth. This study aimed to report the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment performed by endodontic postgraduate students.

Materials and Methods

Clinical and radiographic data of 27 patients, aged 10–22 years, who underwent regenerative treatment of immature permanent teeth from 2015 to 2019 were followed up, wherein clinical and radiographic examinations were performed for each patient. Postoperative success rate and tooth survival were analyzed, and the postoperative radiographic root area changes were quantified.

Results

A total of 23 patients attended the dental appointments, showing that all teeth survived and were asymptomatic. Specifically, 7 periapical pathosis cases were completely healed, 12 were incompletely healed, and 4 cases failed. Moreover, significant differences were found between discolored and non-discolored teeth, and between the presence or absence of periapical radiolucency. Additionally, 3 anterior teeth showed complete closure of the apical foramen, while the apical foramen width was reduced in 17 teeth and failed in 3 teeth. Root length was also found to have been increased in 7 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, and the average length ranged from 4.00–0.63 mm in the anterior teeth, 2.85–1.48 mm of the mesial root, and 2.73–2.16 mm of the molar teeth distal root. Furthermore, calcified tissue deposition was observed in 7 teeth.

Conclusions

A favorable outcome of regenerative endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp was achieved with a high survival rate.

Citations

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Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation Induces Dentin Pulp Complex-like Formation in Immature Teeth with Pulp Necrosis and Apical Periodontitis
Jose Francisco Gomez-Sosa, José E. Cardier, Olga Wittig, Dylana Díaz-Solano, Eloisa Lara, Kharelys Duque, Giselle Ramos-González
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(4): 483. CrossRef
Radiographic assessment of dental post and core placement at different educational levels in an undergraduate student clinic: a 4-year retrospective study
Turki Alshehri, Nourhan M. Aly, Raand Altayyar, Deena Alghamdi, Shahad Alotaibi, Passent Ellakany
F1000Research.2024; 12: 976. CrossRef
Evaluation of the efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin versus platelet‐rich plasma in the regeneration of traumatized necrotic immature maxillary anterior teeth: A randomized clinical trial
Maha Mohamed Abo‐Heikal, Jealan M. El‐Shafei, Samia A. Shouman, Nehal N. Roshdy
Dental Traumatology.2024; 40(1): 61. CrossRef
Radiographical assessment of post and core placement errors encountered by Saudi dental students at different educational levels
Turki Alshehri, Nourhan M. Aly, Raand Altayyar, Deena Alghamdi, Shahad Alotaibi, Passent Ellakany
F1000Research.2023; 12: 976. CrossRef

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Effects of dentin surface preparations on bonding of self-etching adhesives under simulated pulpal pressure: Chantima Siriporananon, Pisol Senawongse, Vanthana Sattabanasuk, Natchalee Srimaneekarn, Hidehiko Sano, Pipop Saikaew; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e4. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e4

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Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of different smear layer preparations on the dentin permeability and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of 2 self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] and Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal [CTS]) under dynamic pulpal pressure.

Materials and Methods

Human third molars were cut into crown segments. The dentin surfaces were prepared using 4 armamentaria: 600-grit SiC paper, coarse diamond burs, superfine diamond burs, and carbide burs. The pulp chamber of each crown segment was connected to a dynamic intra-pulpal pressure simulation apparatus, and the permeability test was done under a pressure of 15 cmH₂O. The relative permeability (%P) was evaluated on the smear layer-covered and bonded dentin surfaces. The teeth were bonded to either of the adhesives under pulpal pressure simulation, and cut into sticks after 24 hours water storage for the µTBS test. The resin-dentin interface and nanoleakage observations were performed using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical comparisons were done using analysis of variance and post hoc tests.

Results

Only the method of surface preparation had a significant effect on permeability (p < 0.05). The smear layers created by the carbide and superfine diamond burs yielded the lowest permeability. CSE demonstrated a higher µTBS, with these values in the superfine diamond and carbide bur groups being the highest. Microscopic evaluation of the resin-dentin interface revealed nanoleakage in the coarse diamond bur and SiC paper groups for both adhesives.

Conclusions

Superfine diamond and carbide burs can be recommended for dentin preparation with the use of 2-step CSE.

Citations

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The effect of different adhesive strategies and diamond burs on dentin bond strength of universal resin cements
Chavakorn Atsavathavornset, Pipop Saikaew, Choltacha Harnirattisai, Hidehiko Sano
Clinical Oral Investigations.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Universal adhesive systems in dentistry: A narrative review
Svetlana N. Razumova, Anzhela S. Brago, Oxana R. Ruda, Zoya A. Guryeva, Elvira V. Adzhieva
Russian Journal of Dentistry.2024; 28(5): 512. CrossRef
Delayed light activation of resin composite affects the bond strength of adhesives under dynamic simulated pulpal pressure
Nattaporn Sukprasert, Choltacha Harnirattisai, Pisol Senawongse, Hidehiko Sano, Pipop Saikaew
Clinical Oral Investigations.2022; 26(11): 6743. CrossRef

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Combination of a new ultrasonic tip with rotary systems for the preparation of flattened root canals: Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mario Tanomaru-Filho; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e56. Published online October 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e56

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Objectives

This study evaluated 2 nickel-titanium rotary systems and a complementary protocol with an ultrasonic tip and a small-diameter instrument in flattened root canals.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-two human maxillary second premolars with flattened canals (buccolingual diameter ≥4 times larger than the mesiodistal diameter) at 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected. The root canals were prepared by ProDesign Logic (PDL) 30/0.01 and 30/0.05 or Hyflex EDM (HEDM) 10/0.05 and 25/0.08 (n = 16), followed by application of the Flatsonic ultrasonic tip in the cervical and middle thirds and a PDL 25/0.03 file in the apical third (FPDL). The teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography before and after the procedures. The percentage of volume increase, debris, and uninstrumented surface area were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Wilcoxon, analysis of variance/Tukey, and paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results

No significant difference was found in the volume increase and uninstrumented surface area between PDL and HEDM (p > 0.05). PDL had a higher percentage of debris than HEDM in the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.05). The FPDL protocol resulted in less debris and uninstrumented surface area for PDL and HEDM (p < 0.05). This protocol, with HEDM, reduced debris in the middle and apical thirds and uninstrumented surface area in the apical third (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

High percentages of debris and uninstrumented surface area were observed after preparation of flattened root canals. The HEDM, Flatsonic tip, and 25/0.03 instrument protocol enhanced cleaning in flattened root canals.

Citations

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Kök Kanal Tedavisi Yenilemelerinde Ultrasonik Uç Kullanımı
Ayşenur Kızıltaş Gül, Turan Mert Hisar, Seniha Miçooğulları
Selcuk Dental Journal.2025; 12(1): 157. CrossRef
Flatsonic Ultrasonic Tip Optimizes the Removal of Remaining Filling Material in Flattened Root Canals: A Micro–computed Tomographic Analysis
Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mário Tanomaru-Filho
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(5): 612. CrossRef
The Effect of Combined Ultrasonic Tip and Mechanized Instrumentation on the Reduction of the Percentage of Non-Instrumented Surfaces in Oval/Flat Root Canals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Marcella Dewes Cassal, Pedro Cardoso Soares, Marcelo dos Santos
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Heat-treated NiTi instruments and final irrigation protocols for biomechanical preparation of flattened canals
Kleber Kildare Teodoro CARVALHO, Igor Bassi Ferreira PETEAN, Alice Corrêa SILVA-SOUSA, Rafael Verardino CAMARGO, Jardel Francisco MAZZI-CHAVES, Yara Terezinha Corrêa SILVA-SOUSA, Manoel Damião SOUSA-NETO
Brazilian Oral Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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4 Crossref

YouTube as a source of information about pulpotomy and pulp capping: a cross sectional reliability analysis: Konstantinos Kodonas, Anastasia Fardi; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e40. Published online July 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e40

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Objectives

The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the quality, reliability and educational content of the information of vital pulp treatment videos available on YouTube.

Materials and Methods

The keywords “pulpotomy” and “pulp capping” were searched on YouTube on 5th July 2020, until 60 English language videos of each search term with a duration shorter than 15 minutes were acquired. Video characteristics were recorded and Video Power Index (VPI) was calculated. Reliability and educational quality of videos were evaluated using the Modified DISCERN score, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and Global Quality Scores (GQS). Videos were categorized by uploading source.

Results

Regarding pulpotomy, 31.7% of the videos were uploaded by specialists and 68.3% were directed by non-specialists. In the case of pulp capping, the corresponding percentages were 45% and 55%, respectively. Videos uploaded by specialists had significantly higher modified DISCERN, JAMA and GQS scores compared to those uploaded by non-specialists. Endodontists tended to have the highest reliability and VPI scores.

Conclusions

YouTube videos on vital pulp treatment contain low educational quality or incomplete information. Low popularity of dental pulp capping and pulpotomy videos may be attributed to the specialized nature of these procedures. As YouTube represents an important source for patient information about different health topics, reliable informative videos should be uploaded by specialized dental professionals.

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Assessing the Quality of YouTube® Videos on Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation: A Multi-Dimensional Approach for Pediatric Dentists
Sanaa N. Al-Haj Ali, Nehal AlHarbi, Hessah H. Almutairi
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Is YouTube™ a useful resource of information about bichectomy? A cross-sectional study
H.ɪ. Durmuş, B. Ege, S. Bayazıt, M. Koparal
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Quality of Patient-Centered eHealth Information on Erosive Tooth Wear: Systematic Search and Evaluation of Websites and YouTube Videos
Lena Holland, Amelie Friederike Kanzow, Annette Wiegand, Philipp Kanzow
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e49514. CrossRef
Is it safe to learn about vital pulp capping from YouTube™ videos? A content and quality analysis
Celalettin Topbaş, Tuğçe Paksoy, Ayşe Gülnihal İslamoğlu, Kemal Çağlar, Abdurrahman Kerim Kul
International Journal of Medical Informatics.2024; 185: 105409. CrossRef
Assessment of the quality of oral biopsy procedure videos shared on YouTube
A. Díaz‐Rodríguez, J. Limeres‐Posse, R. Albuquerque, V. Brailo, R. Cook, J. C. Fricain, G. Lodi, L. Monteiro, L. Silva, B. Carey, M. Diniz‐Freitas
Oral Diseases.2024; 30(5): 3081. CrossRef
İmplant üstü protezler hakkında bilgi veren internet sitelerinin okunabilirliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Tugba TEMİZCİ
Selcuk Dental Journal.2023; 10(4): 156. CrossRef
Online Audio-Visual Information on the Treatment of OSA with Mandibular Advancement Devices: Analysis of Quality, Reliability and Contents
Serena Incerti-Parenti, Maria Lavinia Bartolucci, Elena Biondi, Andrea Fiordelli, Corrado Paganelli, Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(9): 5727. CrossRef
Evaluating YouTube as a Patient Information Source for the Risks of Root Canal Treatment
Stewart McLean, Neil Cook, Alexander Rovira-Wilde, Shanon Patel, Shalini Kanagasingam
Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(2): 155. CrossRef
Assessment of reliability and information quality of YouTube videos about root canal treatment after 2016
Myoung-jun Jung, Min-Seock Seo
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Is the YouTube™ a useful resource of information about orthognathic surgery?: A cross-sectional study
Seyma Bayazıt, Bilal Ege, Mahmut Koparal
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2022; 123(6): e981. CrossRef
YoutubeTM Content Analysis as a Means of Information in Oral Medicine: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Antonio Romano, Fausto Fiori, Massimo Petruzzi, Fedora Della Vella, Rosario Serpico
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5451. CrossRef

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The effectiveness of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Ludmila Smith de Jesus Oliveira, Rafaella Mariana Fontes de Bragança, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, André Luis Faria-e-Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e37. Published online June 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e37

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Objectives

This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction in the root canal system.

Materials and Methods

In-vitro studies evaluating the use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content were searched in four databases in July 2020. Two authors independently screened the studies for eligibility. Data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. Data were meta-analyzed by using random-effects model to compare the effect of the supplementary use (experimental) or not (control) of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria counting reduction, and results from different endodontic protocols were combined. Four studies met the inclusion criteria while 1 study was excluded from the meta-analysis due to its high risk of bias and outlier data. The 3 studies that made it to the meta-analysis had an unclear risk of bias for at least one criterion.

Results

No heterogeneity was observed among the results of the studies included in the meta-analysis. The study excluded from the meta-analysis assessing the bacteria counting deep in the dentin demonstrated further bacteria reduction upon the use of the XP-endo Finisher.

Conclusions

This systematic review found no evidence supporting the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on further bacteria counting the reduction in the root canal.

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Characteristics and Effectiveness of XP‐Endo Files and Systems: A Narrative Review
Sarah M. Alkahtany, Rana Alfadhel, Aseel AlOmair, Sarah Bin Durayhim, Kee Y. Kum
International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact XP-endo finisher on the 1-year follow-up success of posterior root canal treatments: a randomized clinical trial
Ludmila Smith de Jesus Oliveira, Fabricio Eneas Diniz de Figueiredo, Janaina Araújo Dantas, Maria Amália Gonzaga Ribeiro, Carlos Estrela, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(12): 7595. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of modern irrigants activation techniques in the process of mechanical root canal system treatment (Literature review)
Anatoliy Potapchuk, Vasyl Almashi, Arsenii Horzov, Victor Buleza
InterConf.2023; (34(159)): 200. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of modern irrigants activation techniques in the protocol of chemomechanical root canal system treatment (literature review)
A. Potapchuk, V. Almashi, Y. Rak, Y. Melnyk, V. Buleza, A. Horzov
SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA.2023; 114(3): 4. CrossRef
Methodological quality assessment criteria for the evaluation of laboratory‐based studies included in systematic reviews within the specialty of Endodontology: A development protocol
Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Paul V. Abbott, Christos Boutsioukis, Henry F. Duncan, Clovis M. Faggion, Anil Kishen, Peter E. Murray, Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil, Paul M. H. Dummer
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(4): 326. CrossRef

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Evaluation of the relation between the pulp stones and direct restorations using cone beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation: Güzide Pelin Sezgin, Sema Sönmez Kaplan, Tuna Kaplan; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e34. Published online June 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e34

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Objectives

This study aimed to assess the presence of pulp stones through an examination of cone beam computed tomography images and correlate their prevalence with age, sex, dental arch and side, tooth type, and restoration type and depth.

Materials and Methods

Cone beam computed tomography images obtained from 673 patients and archival data on 11,494 teeth were evaluated. The associations of pulp stones with age, sex, dental arch and side, tooth type, and restoration type and depth were noted. All the measurements were subjected to a χ² test and one sample χ² test (p < 0.05).

Results

In the study group, 163 (24.2%) patients and 379 (3.3%) teeth had at least one pulp stone. The pulp stone frequency in those aged 30–39 years was significantly greater than in those aged 18–29 and ≥ 60 years, and the frequency was higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence of pulp stones was found in maxillary dental arches and molar teeth (p < 0.05). Pulp stones were significantly more common in medium-depth restorations (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Maxillary molar teeth, medium-depth restorations, individuals aged 30–39 years and females had a greater percentage of pulp stones.

Citations

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Calcification with Dental and Periodontal Pathology: A Descriptive Study
José Luis Sanz, Lucía Callado, Stefana Mantale, Jenifer Nicolás, James Ghilotti, Carmen Llena
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(4): 1373. CrossRef
Prevalence of mineralization in the pulp chamber in patients according to CBCT data
V. A. Molokova, I. N. Antonova, V. A. Osipova
Endodontics Today.2025; 23(2): 188. CrossRef
Distribution and influencing factors of pulp stones based on CBCT: a retrospective observational study from southwest China
Wantong Zhang, Yao Wang, Lin Ye, Yan Zhou
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and Association of Calcified Pulp Stones with Periodontitis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study in Saudi Arabian Population
Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2024; 16(Suppl 1): S644. CrossRef
The Prevalence And Distribution Of Pulp Stones: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study İn A Group Of Turkish Patients
Mujgan Firincioglulari, Seçil Aksoy, Melis Gülbeş, Umut Aksoy, Kaan Orhan
ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi.2024; 13(3): 496. CrossRef
Radiographical examination of pulp stone distribution by cone beam computed tomography
Fatma Tunç, Emre Çulha, Muazzez Naz Baştürk
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2024; 7(4): 472. CrossRef
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Prevalence and Distribution of Pulp Stones and Their Relation to Local and Systemic Factors in the Makkah Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Laila M Kenawi, Haytham S Jaha, Mashael M Alzahrani, Jihan I Alharbi, Shahad F Alharbi, Taif A Almuqati, Rehab A Alsubhi, Wahdan M Elkwatehy
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the prevalence and association of pulp calcification with periodontitis
Lingling Xiang, Botao Wang, Yuan Zhang, Jintao Wang, Peipei Wu, Jian Zhang, Liangjun Zhong, Rui He
Odontology.2023; 111(1): 248. CrossRef
Three-dimensional analysis for detection of pulp stones in a Saudi population using cone beam computed tomography
Hassan H. Kaabi, Abdullah M. Riyahi, Nassr S. Al-Maflehi, Saleh F. Alrumayyan, Abdullah K. Bakrman, Yazeed A. Almutaw
Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(4): 257. CrossRef

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Postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with large intentional foraminal enlargement: Ricardo Machado, Daniel Comparin, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e31. Published online May 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e31

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Objectives

To evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth using large intentional foraminal enlargement (LIFE).

Materials and Methods

The sample included 60 asymptomatic necrotic teeth (with or without chronic apical periodontitis), and a periodontal probing depth of 3 mm, previously accessed and referred to perform endodontic treatment. After previous procedures, the position and approximate size of the apical foramen (AF) were determined by using an apex locator and K flexo-files, respectively. The chemomechanical preparation was performed with Profile 04 files 2 mm beyond the AF to achieve the LIFE, using 2.5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl at each file change. The filling was performed by Tagger's hybrid technique and EndoFill sealer. Phone calls were made to all the patients at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment, to classify postoperative pain. Statistical analysis was performed by different tests with a significance level of 5%.

Results

Age, gender, periradicular status and tooth type did not influence postoperative pain (p > 0.05). Only 1 patient (1.66%) reported severe pain after 72 hours. Moderate pain was reported by 7, 4 and 3 patients after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively (p = 0.0001). However, paired analyses showed a statistically significant difference only between 24 and 72 hours (p = 0.04). Sealer extrusion did not influence the postoperative pain (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Acute or moderate postoperative pain was uncommon after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with LIFE.

Trial Registration

The Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: RBR-3r967t

Citations

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Assessment of apical extrusion in regenerative endodontics: a comparative study of different irrigation methods using three-dimensional immature tooth models
Vahide Hazal Abat, Gökçen Deniz Bayrak, Mustafa Gündoğar
Odontology.2025; 113(1): 213. CrossRef
Postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatments in necrotic teeth comparing instruments’ kinematics and apical instrumentation limits – a prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial
Ricardo Machado, Guilherme Moreira, Daniel Comparin, Arthur Pimentel Barroso, Jaqueline Nascimento, Caio Cézar Randi Ferraz, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral, David Shadid, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of mechanical allodynia in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth: a clinical study
Vaishnavi Ratnakar Patankar, Ashish K Jain, Rahul D Rao, Prajakta R Rao
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of phototherapy on postoperative pain in conventional endodontic reintervention
Larissa Pereira Nunes, Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Túlio Morandin Ferrisse, Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon, Eloi Dezan-Júnior, Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra, Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of intracanal cryotherapy with and without foraminal enlargement on pain prevention after endodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Marcos Felipe Iparraguirre Nuñovero, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, André Vinícius Kaled Segato, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto, Vania Portela Ditzel Westphalen, Everdan Carneiro
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical determination of anatomical diameter in different dental groups correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis: an observational clinical study
Ricardo Machado, Gabriel Filipe Pamplona, Claudemir de Souza Júnior, Jaqueline Nascimento, Eduardo Donato Eing Elgelke Back, Daniel Comparin, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Stella Maria Glaci Reinke, Ana Cristina Kovalik, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
How much to enlarge? A letter to the editor
Krishnamachari Janani, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Kumar Chandan Srivatsava
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2023; 13(3): 288. CrossRef
Efficiency of diode laser in control of post-endodontic pain: a randomized controlled trial
Hend H. Ismail, Maram Obeid, Ehab Hassanien
Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(6): 2797. CrossRef
Periapical Healing following Root Canal Treatment Using Different Endodontic Sealers: A Systematic Review
Akshay Khandelwal, Krishnamachari Janani, KavalipurapuVenkata Teja, Jerry Jose, Gopi Battineni, Francesco Riccitiello, Alessandra Valletta, Ajitha Palanivelu, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Vincenzo Grassia
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

1,283 View
28 Download
7 Web of Science
9 Crossref

Cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp: a systematic review: Sabrina Moreira Paes, Yasmine Mendes Pupo, Bruno Cavalini Cavenago, Thiago Fonseca-Silva, Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira Santos; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e26. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e26

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Objectives

The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the cryopreservation process of dental pulp mesenchymal stromal cells and whether cryopreservation is effective in promoting cell viability and recovery.

Materials and Methods

This systematic review was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the research question was determined using the population, exposure, comparison, and outcomes strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases and in the gray literature (dissertations and thesis databases and Google Scholar) for relevant articles published up to March 2019. Clinical trial studies performed with dental pulp of human permanent or primary teeth, containing concrete information regarding the cryopreservation stages, and with cryopreservation performed for a period of at least 1 week were included in this study.

Results

The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 185 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 21 articles were selected for a qualitative analysis.

Conclusions

The cryopreservation process must be carried out in 6 stages: tooth disinfection, pulp extraction, cell isolation, cell proliferation, cryopreservation, and thawing. In addition, it can be inferred that the use of dimethyl sulfoxide, programmable freezing, and storage in liquid nitrogen are associated with a high rate of cell viability after thawing and a high rate of cell proliferation in both primary and permanent teeth.

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The Antimicrobial Effect of the Incorporation of Inorganic Substances into Heat-Cured Denture Base Resins—A Systematic Review
Mariana Lima, Helena Salgado, André Correia, Patrícia Fonseca
Prosthesis.2024; 6(5): 1189. CrossRef
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Treatment Improves Cryopreservation Efficiency in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Seong-Ju Oh, Chan-Hee Jo, Tae-Seok Kim, Chae-Yeon Hong, Sung-Lim Lee, Young-Hoon Kang, Gyu-Jin Rho
Life.2023; 13(6): 1286. CrossRef
Time- and Concentration-Dependent Effects of the Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth on Osteosarcoma Cells
Razieh Alipour, Batool Hashemibeni, Vajihe Asgari, Hamid Bahramian
Advanced Biomedical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Hard tissue formation after direct pulp capping with osteostatin and MTA in vivo: Ji-Hye Yoon, Sung-Hyeon Choi, Jeong-Tae Koh, Bin-Na Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, Yun-Chan Hwang; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e17. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e17

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

In recent in vitro study, it was reported that osteostatin (OST) has an odontogenic effect and synergistic effect with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in human dental pulp cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether OST has a synergistic effect with MTA on hard tissue formation in vivo.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-two maxillary molars of Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this study. An occlusal cavity was prepared and the exposed pulps were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control; ProRoot MTA), group 2 (OST 100 μM + ProRoot MTA), group 3 (OST 10 mM + ProRoot MTA). Exposed pulps were capped with each material and cavities were restored with resin modified glass ionomer. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. All harvested teeth were scanned with micro-computed tomography (CT). The samples were prepared and hard tissue formation was evaluated histologically. For immunohistochemical analysis, the specimens were sectioned and incubated with primary antibodies against dentin sialoprotein (DSP).

Results

In the micro-CT analysis, it is revealed that OST with ProRoot MTA groups showed more mineralized bridge than the control (p < 0.05). In the H&E staining, it is showed that more quantity of the mineralized dentin bridge was formed in the OST with ProRoot MTA group compared to the control (p < 0.05). In all groups, DSP was expressed in newly formed reparative dentin area.

Conclusions

OST can be a supplementary pulp capping material when used with MTA to make synergistic effect in hard tissue formation.

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Pulpal responses to mineral trioxide aggregate with and without zinc oxide addition in mature canine teeth after full pulpotomy
Behnam Bolhari, Neda Kardouni Khouzestani, Hadi Assadian, Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri, Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan, Soheil Niavarzi, Behnam Dorost, Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Henry F. Duncan, Artak Heboyan, Antonio Signore, Stefano Benedicenti
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Biocompatibility and pro-mineralization effects of premixed calcium silicate-based materials on human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro and in vivo study
Nyein Chan KO, Sonoko NODA, Yamato OKADA, Kento TAZAWA, Nobuyuki KAWASHIMA, Takashi OKIJI
Dental Materials Journal.2024; 43(5): 729. CrossRef
Osteostatin, a peptide for the future treatment of musculoskeletal diseases
Daniel Lozano, Arancha R. Gortazar, Sergio Portal-Núñez
Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 223: 116177. CrossRef
Comparison of bioactive material failure rates in vital pulp treatment of permanent matured teeth – a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Péter Komora, Orsolya Vámos, Noémi Gede, Péter Hegyi, Kata Kelemen, Adél Galvács, Gábor Varga, Beáta Kerémi, János Vág
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hard tissue formation in pulpotomized primary teeth in dogs with nanomaterials MCM-48 and MCM-48/hydroxyapatite: an in vivo animal study
Sahar Talebi, Nosrat Nourbakhsh, Ardeshir Talebi, Amir Abbas Nourbakhsh, Abbas Haghighat, Maziar Manshayi, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi, Razieh Karimi, Rahman Nazeri, Kenneth J.D. Mackenzie
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reparative Mineralized Tissue Characterization by Different Bioactive Direct Pulp-capping Agents
Mrunal Shinde, Varsha Pandit, Sarita Singh, Aniket Jadhav, Sarah Marium, Smita Patil
Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization.2024; 16(1): 8. CrossRef
Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and methyl sulfonyl methane on pulp exposure via RUNX2 and RANKL pathways
Altar Ateş, Ayca Kurt, Tolga Mercantepe
Odontology.2024; 112(3): 895. CrossRef
Effects of barium titanate on the dielectric constant, radiopacity, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based bioceramics
Yoorina CHOI, Yun-Chan HWANG, Mi-Kyung YU, Kwang-Won LEE, Kyung-San MIN
Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(1): 55. CrossRef
Bioactive potential of Bio‐C Pulpo is evidenced by presence of birefringent calcite and osteocalcin immunoexpression in the rat subcutaneous tissue
Marcela Borsatto Queiroz, Rafaela Nanami Handa Inada, Camila Soares Lopes, Juliane Maria Guerreiro‐Tanomaru, Estela Sasso‐Cerri, Mário Tanomaru‐Filho, Paulo Sérgio Cerri
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials.2022; 110(10): 2369. CrossRef
The Influence of New Bioactive Materials on Pulp–Dentin Complex Regeneration in the Assessment of Cone Bone Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Computed Micro-Tomography (Micro-CT) from a Present and Future Perspective—A Systematic Review
Mirona Paula Palczewska-Komsa, Bartosz Gapiński, Alicja Nowicka
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(11): 3091. CrossRef
A Breakthrough in the Era of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Critical Review
Payal S Chaudhari, Manoj G Chandak, Akshay A Jaiswal, Nikhil P Mankar, Priyanka Paul
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Direct Pulp Capping Bioactive Materials in Dentin Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Ermin Nie, Jiali Yu, Rui Jiang, Xiangzhen Liu, Xiang Li, Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Materials.2021; 14(22): 6811. CrossRef

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Efficacy of buccal piroxicam infiltration and inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial: Saurav Paul, Sridevi Nandamuri, Aakrati Raina, Mukta Bansal; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(1):e9. Published online January 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e9

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Objectives

This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of buccal infiltration with piroxicam on the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with buccal infiltration in irreversible pulpitis, with pain assessed using the Heft-Parker visual analogue scale (HP-VAS).

Materials and Methods

This study included 56 patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars, randomly distributed between 2 groups (n = 28). After evaluating the initial pain score with the HP-VAS, each patient received IANB followed by buccal infiltration of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:80,000). Five minutes later, the patients in groups 1 and 2 were given buccal infiltration with 40 mg/2 mL of piroxicam or normal saline, respectively. An access opening procedure (AOP) was performed 15 minutes post-IANB once the individual showed signs of lip numbness as well as 2 negative responses to electric pulp testing. The HP-VAS was used to grade the patient's pain during caries removal (CR), AOP, and working length measurement (WLM). Successful anesthesia was identified either by the absence of pain or slight pain through CR, AOP, and WLM, with no requirement of a further anesthetic dose. A statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results

The piroxicam group presented a significantly lower (p < 0.05) mean pain score than the saline group during AOP.

Conclusions

Buccal infiltration with piroxicam enhanced the efficacy of anesthesia with IANB and buccal infiltration with lignocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Citations

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Inferior alveolar nerve block success of 2% mepivacaine versus 4% articaine in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars: A randomized double‐blind single‐centre clinical trial
Mohammed Fawzy Omar Mohammed Habib, Sovana Tarek, Sara Mohamed Elsayed Teama, Khaled Ezzat, Randa Mohamed El Boghdadi, Abeer Marzouk, Manar Yehia Fouda, Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat, Marwa Mahmoud Bedier, Suzan Abdul Wanees Amin
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(11): 1177. CrossRef
Present status and future directions—Mechanisms and management of local anaesthetic failures
Masoud Parirokh, Paul V. Abbott
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S4): 951. CrossRef

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Reference values for pulp oxygen saturation as a diagnostic tool in endodontics: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Paula Lambert, Sergio Augusto Quevedo Miguens, Caroline Solda, Juliana Tomaz Sganzerla, Leandro Azambuja Reichert, Carlos Estrela, Fernando Branco Barletta; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e48. Published online October 5, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e48

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Objectives

This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth.

Materials and Methods

The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of “oximetry” AND “dental pulp test” were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results

Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%–85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%–89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%–89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment.

Conclusions

Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

Trial Registration

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Identifier: CRD42018085598

Citations

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Future trends in endodontics
Foo Suanhow, Tawil Bill
Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering.2024; 11(1): 1. CrossRef
Assessment of Pulpal Oxygen Saturation in Caries-free and Carious Maxillary Primary Central Incisors Using a Customized Dental Pulse Oximeter
Shankar Paulindraraj, Hemalatha Ramkumar, Trophimus Gnanabagyan Jayakaran, Kranthi Reddy Kanumuru, Nancy Solomon, Senthil Dakshinamoorthy
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2023; 16(4): 560. CrossRef
Age-Related Variation of Pulpal Oxygen Saturation in Healthy Primary and Permanent Teeth in Children: A Clinical Study
Andreea Igna, Darian Rusu, Emilia Ogodescu, Ștefania Dinu, Marius Boariu, Adrian Voicu, Ștefan-Ioan Stratul
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(1): 170. CrossRef
Pulp oxygen saturation measurement as a diagnostic tool for assessing pulp status in primary teeth
Kanamarlapudi Venkata Saikiran, Deepa Gurunathan, Sainath Reddy Elicherla, Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni, Sivakumar Nuvvula
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.2022; 40(4): 349. CrossRef
Diagnostic Value of Serum Chitinase‐3‐Like Protein 1 for Liver Fibrosis: A Meta‐analysis
Xiaoting Huang, Jialing Zhuang, Yongqiang Yang, Jiaxin Jian, Wen Ai, Chunyong Liu, Wenzhi Tang, Changyu Jiang, Yongshen He, Lesheng Huang, Se Peng, Jin Shui Pan
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of Pulpal Status in Primary Teeth Following Direct Pulp Capping in an Experimental Canine Model
Andreea Igna, Cornel Igna, Mariana Ioana Miron, Larisa Schuszler, Roxana Dascălu, Mihaela Moldovan, Adrian Aristide Voicu, Carmen Darinca Todea, Marius Boariu, Maria-Alexandra Mârțu, Ștefan-Ioan Stratul
Diagnostics.2022; 12(8): 2022. CrossRef

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Calcium hydroxide intracanal medication effects on pain and flare-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Siza Yacoub Zakhary, Suzan Abdul Wanees Amin; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(3):e26. Published online May 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e26

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Objectives

This study aimed to systematically review the pain and flare-up effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication (ICM) in non-vital mature teeth.

Materials and Methods

Electronic-databases searching for published and grey literature and manual searching were conducted. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included comparing CH to other ICMs in non-vital mature teeth. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool. The main outcomes were pain and flare-up. Qualitative and quantitative analysis, wherever applicable, was performed. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results

Sixteen articles were included in 6 comparisons at different time points for different outcomes. CH reduced pain risk than no ICM within the 1–14-days interval (p < 0.05) and than triple-antibiotic paste within the first day (p < 0.05) and was similar to corticosteroid/antibiotics combination (p > 0.05). Chlorhexidine (CHX) or CH/CHX, however, reduced pain levels than CH alone (p < 0.05). CH showed higher flare-up risk than CHX (p < 0.05). CoE, however, ranged from very low to moderate.

Conclusion

Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953

Citations

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Garre’s osteomyelitis of the mandible managed by nonsurgical re-endodontic treatment
Heegyun Kim, Jiyoung Kwon, Hyun-Jung Kim, Soram Oh, Duck-Su Kim, Ji-Hyun Jang
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Interpretation by literature review of the use of calcium hydroxide as an intra-ductal medication
María Belén Muñoz Padilla, Verónica Alicia Vega Martínez, Camila Alejandra Villafuerte Moya
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2024; 4: 924. CrossRef
ProTaper Ultimate: The Evolution of Rotary Systems and Their Clinical Applicability
Mateo-Castillo JF, Siqueira-Sandrin VDS, Moreira RA, Brandelero Junior S, Olano-Dextre TL, Claudia R Pinheiro
Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024; 9(1): 16. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Bacterial Reduction by Laser-Activated Irrigation Technique (LAI) With Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI) in Single-Rooted Teeth With Pulpal Necrosis: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Keerthika Rajamanickam, Sandhya Raghu, J Vijayashree Priyadharsini, Delphine Priscilla Antony, Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-Operative Endodontic Pain Management: An Overview of Systematic Reviews on Post-Operatively Administered Oral Medications and Integrated Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations
Federica Di Spirito, Giuseppe Scelza, Roberto Fornara, Francesco Giordano, Donato Rosa, Alessandra Amato
Healthcare.2022; 10(5): 760. CrossRef
Management of External Inflammatory Root Resorption following Tooth Autotransplantation Using a Modified Combination of Triple Antibiotics
Saeed Asgary, Ardavan Parhizkar, Paulo J. Palma
Case Reports in Dentistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for postoperative pain during primary root canal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials
Muhammad Zubair Ahmad, Durre Sadaf, Khalid A Merdad, Amani Almohaimeed, Igho J. Onakpoya
Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice.2022; 22(1): 101680. CrossRef
Post-operative Pain and Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Formulations Intracanal Medication: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Nermine Hassan, Alaa Diab, Geraldine Ahmed
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(D): 248. CrossRef

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Bioactivity of endodontic biomaterials on dental pulp stem cells through dentin: Bahar Javid, Narges Panahandeh, Hassan Torabzadeh, Hamid Nazarian, Ardavan Parhizkar, Saeed Asgary; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(1):e3. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e3

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Objectives

This study investigated the indirect effect of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as 2 calcium silicate-based hydraulic cements, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through different dentin thicknesses.

Materials and Methods

Two-chamber setups were designed to simulate indirect pulp capping (IPC). Human molars were sectioned to obtain 0.1-, 0.3-, and 0.5-mm-thick dentin discs, which were placed between the 2 chambers to simulate an IPC procedure. Then, MTA and CEM were applied on one side of the discs, while hDPSCs were cultured on the other side. After 2 weeks of incubation, the cells were removed, and cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment to the discs were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXA) spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed quantitatively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results

SEM micrographs revealed elongated cells, collagen fibers, and calcified nucleations in all samples. EDXA verified that the calcified nucleations consisted of calcium phosphate. The largest calcifications were seen in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroups. There was no significant difference in ALP activity across the CEM subgroups; however, ALP activity was significantly lower in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroup than in the other MTA subgroups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The employed capping biomaterials exerted biological activity on hDPSCs, as shown by cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment and calcific precipitations, through 0.1- to 0.5-mm-thick layers of dentin. In IPC, the bioactivity of these endodontic biomaterials is probably beneficial.

Citations

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Effect of pulp capping materials on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study
Mahmoud M. Bakr, Mohamed Shamel, Shereen N. Raafat, Robert M. Love, Mahmoud M. Al‐Ankily
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Growth Factors on the Differentiation of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Part I)
Sayna Shamszadeh, Armin Shirvani, Hassan Torabzadeh, Saeed Asgary
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2024; 19(4): 523. CrossRef
The Role of Growth Factor Delivery Systems on Cellular Activities of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review (Part II)
Sayna Shamszadeh, Armin Shirvani, Saeed Asgary
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2024; 19(4): 587. CrossRef
Comprehensive review of composition, properties, clinical applications, and future perspectives of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement: a systematic analysis
Saeed Asgary, Mahtab Aram, Mahta Fazlyab
BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of dental pulp stem cells behavior after odontogenic differentiation induction by three different bioactive materials on two different scaffolds
Basma Ahmed, Mai H. Ragab, Rania A. Galhom, Hayam Y. Hassan
BMC Oral Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Responses to Functional Biomaterials Including Mineralized Trioxide Aggregates
Sejin Bae, Bueonguk Kang, Hyungbin Lee, Harrison Luu, Eric Mullins, Karl Kingsley
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2021; 12(1): 15. CrossRef
Incorporation of amoxicillin-loaded microspheres in mineral trioxide aggregate cement: an in vitro study
Fábio Rocha Bohns, Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune, Isadora Martini Garcia, Bruna Genari, Nélio Bairros Dornelles, Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres, Fabrício Aulo Ogliari, Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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A case report of multiple bilateral dens invaginatus in maxillary anteriors: Shin Hye Chung, You-Jeong Hwang, Sung-Yeop You, Young-Hye Hwang, Soram Oh; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(4):e39. Published online October 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e39

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The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.

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The use of three-dimensional-printed guides, static navigation, and bioactive materials to treat bilateral and double dens invaginatus
Parth Patel, Nidhi Bharti, Ankit Arora, C. Nimisha Shah
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2025; 15(2): 207. CrossRef
Endodontic Management of Dens in Dente – A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Sanket Dilip Aras, Anamika Chetan Borkar, Sonal Kale, Sayali Maral, Prakriti Jaggi, Shailendra Sonawane
Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization.2024; 16(1): 17. CrossRef
Dens invaginatus of fourteen teeth in a pediatric patient
Momoko Usuda, Tatsuya Akitomo, Mariko Kametani, Satoru Kusaka, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
Pediatric Dental Journal.2023; 33(3): 240. CrossRef
The Impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Case Reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 Guidelines on the Reporting of Endodontic Case Reports
Sofian Youssef, Phillip Tomson, Amir Reza Akbari, Natalie Archer, Fayjel Shah, Jasmeet Heran, Sunmeet Kandhari, Sandeep Pai, Shivakar Mehrotra, Joanna M Batt
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Root Maturation of an Immature Dens Invaginatus Despite Unsuccessful Revitalization Procedure: A Case Report and Recommendations for Educational Purposes
Julia Ludwig, Marcel Reymus, Alexander Winkler, Sebastian Soliman, Ralf Krug, Gabriel Krastl
Dentistry Journal.2023; 11(2): 47. CrossRef
Conservative Management of Infraorbital Space Infection Secondary to Type III B Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report
Ashima Goyal, Aditi Kapur, Manoj A Jaiswal, Gauba Krishan, Raja Raghu, Sanjeev K Singh
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research.2022; 56(4): 192. CrossRef

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Development of a mouse model for pulp-dentin complex regeneration research: a preliminary study: Sunil Kim, Sukjoon Lee, Han-Sung Jung, Sun-Young Kim, Euiseong Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(2):e20. Published online May 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e20

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Objectives

To achieve pulp-dentin complex regeneration with tissue engineering, treatment efficacies and safeties should be evaluated using in vivo orthotopic transplantation in a sufficient number of animals. Mice have been a species of choice in which to study stem cell biology in mammals. However, most pulp-dentin complex regeneration studies have used large animals because the mouse tooth is too small. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of the mouse tooth as a transplantation model for pulp-dentin complex regeneration research.

Materials and Methods

Experiments were performed using 7-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice; a total of 35 mice had their pulp exposed, and 5 mice each were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 days after pulp exposure. After decalcification in 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the samples were embedded and cut with a microtome and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Slides were observed under a high-magnification light microscope.

Results

Until 1 week postoperatively, the tissue below the pulp chamber orifice appeared normal. The remaining coronal portion of the pulp tissue was inflammatory and necrotic. After 1 week postoperatively, inflammation and necrosis were apparent in the root canals inferior to the orifices. The specimens obtained after experimental day 14 showed necrosis of all tissue in the root canals.

Conclusions

This study could provide opportunities for researchers performing in vivo orthotopic transplantation experiments with mice.

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Is dental pulp inflammation capable of causing central inflammation, behavioral, and sensory alterations? A pre-clinical study
Iago Ramirez, Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula-Silva, Aline Aparecida Ferraresi Tiballi, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê, Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
Archives of Oral Biology.2025; 177: 106320. CrossRef
PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration
V. Nagendrababu, A. Kishen, P. E. Murray, M. H. Nekoofar, J. A. P. de Figueiredo, E. Priya, J. Jayaraman, S. J. Pulikkotil, A. Jakovljevic, P. M. H. Dummer
International Endodontic Journal.2021; 54(6): 858. CrossRef

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Effect of cooling water temperature on the temperature changes in pulp chamber and at handpiece head during high-speed tooth preparation: Ra'fat I. Farah; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(1):e3. Published online December 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e3

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Objectives

It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effect of cooling water temperature on the temperature changes in the pulp chamber and at the handpiece head during high-speed tooth preparation using an electric handpiece.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-eight intact human molars received a standardized occlusal preparation for 60 seconds using a diamond bur in an electric handpiece, and one of four treatments were applied that varied in the temperature of cooling water applied (control, with no cooling water, 10°C, 23°C, and 35°C). The temperature changes in the pulp chamber and at the handpiece head were recorded using K-type thermocouples connected to a digital thermometer.

Results

The average temperature changes within the pulp chamber and at the handpiece head during preparation increased substantially when no cooling water was applied (6.8°C and 11.0°C, respectively), but decreased significantly when cooling water was added. The most substantial drop in temperature occurred with 10°C water (−16.3°C and −10.2ºC), but reductions were also seen at 23°C (−8.6°C and −4.9°C). With 35°C cooling water, temperatures increased slightly, but still remained lower than the no cooling water group (1.6°C and 6.7ºC).

Conclusions

The temperature changes in the pulp chamber and at the handpiece head were above harmful thresholds when tooth preparation was performed without cooling water. However, cooling water of all temperatures prevented harmful critical temperature changes even though water at 35°C raised temperatures slightly above baseline.

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Effects of the exposure site on histological pulpal responses after direct capping with 2 calcium-silicate based cements in a rat model: Panruethai Trongkij, Supachai Sutimuntanakul, Puangwan Lapthanasupkul, Chitpol Chaimanakarn, Rebecca Wong, Danuchit Banomyong; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(4):e36. Published online August 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e36

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Direct pulp capping is a treatment for mechanically exposed pulp in which a biocompatible capping material is used to preserve pulpal vitality. Biocompatibility tests in animal studies have used a variety of experimental protocols, particularly with regard to the exposure site. In this study, pulp exposure on the occlusal and mesial surfaces of molar teeth was investigated in a rat model.

Materials and Methods

A total of 58 maxillary first molars of Wistar rats were used. Forty molars were mechanically exposed and randomly assigned according to 3 factors: 1) the exposure site (occlusal or mesial), 2) the pulp-capping material (ProRoot White MTA or Bio-MA), and 3) 2 follow-up periods (1 day or 7 days) (n = 5 each). The pulp of 6 intact molars served as negative controls. The pulp of 12 molars was exposed without a capping material (n = 3 per exposure site for each period) and served as positive controls. Inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation were histologically evaluated at 1 and 7 days using grading scores.

Results

At 1 day, localized mild inflammation was detected in most teeth in all experimental groups. At 7 days, continuous/discontinuous calcified bridges were formed at exposure sites with no or few inflammatory cells. No significant differences in pulpal response according to the exposure site or calcium-silicate cement were observed.

Conclusions

The location of the exposure site had no effect on rat pulpal healing. However, mesial exposures could be performed easily, with more consistent results. The pulpal responses were not significantly different between the 2 capping materials.

Citations

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