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This case report introduces a straightforward, noninvasive approach for the esthetic rehabilitation of malformed anterior teeth in adolescents using direct composite restorations. The universal composite resin restorations are applied within a transparent 3-dimensionally printed rigid-resin index, which is individually customized from a digital wax-up. Compared to other methods, this technique streamlines the restoration process, significantly reducing chairside time while enhancing the predictability, accuracy, and patient acceptance of the aesthetic outcome.

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• Evaluation of the degree of conversion of flowable bulk fill and dual-cure composite resins for intracanal root reinforcement in teeth with structurally weakened roots: An in vitro Fourier transformer infrared study
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  Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry.2022; Volume 14: 225.     CrossRef

The replacement of missing teeth, especially in the anterior region, is an essential part of dental practice. Fiber-reinforced composite resin bridges are a conservative alternative to conventional fixed dental prostheses or implants. It is a minimally invasive, reversible technique that can be completed in a single visit. The two cases presented herein exemplify the treatment of root-fractured anterior teeth with a natural pontic immediately after extraction.

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• Prosthodontic Aspects of Splinting the Mandibular Anterior Teeth by Fiber Reinforced Composites
  Hrelja Miroslav, Laškarin Mirko, Čimić Samir, Kraljević Sonja, Dulčić Nikša, Badel Tomislav
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This case report describes a technique in which endodontic treatment and permanent indirect restoration were completed in the same clinical appointment with the aid of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Two patients were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molar. After access preparation, root canals were located, irrigation was performed until bleeding ceased, and the coronal tooth structure was prepared for indirect restoration. Then, utilizing an interim 3-mm build-up of the endodontic access cavity, a hemi-arch digital scan was performed with an intraoral scanner. Subsequent to digital scanning, restoration design was performed simultaneously with the endodontic procedure. The root canals were shaped using the Race system under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by root canal filling. The pulp chamber was subsequently filled with a 3-mm-thick composite resin restoration mimicking the interim build-up previously utilized to facilitate block milling in the CAD/CAM system. Clinical try-in of the permanent onlay restoration was followed by acid etching, application of a 5th generation adhesive, and cementation of the indirect restoration. Once the restoration was cemented, rubber dam isolation was removed, followed by occlusal adjustment and polishing. After 2 years of follow-up, the restorations were esthetically and functionally satisfactory, without complications.

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• REZİN MATRİKS SERAMİKLER-DERLEME
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• REZİN MATRİKS SERAMİKLER-DERLEME
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  Soner Sismanoglu, Zuhal Yildirim-Bilmez, Aysegul Erten-Taysi, Pınar Ercal
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The objective of this case report is to introduce a simple technique for simultaneously taking a closed-mouth impression and functionally generated path (FGP) for a full coverage crown restoration. A monolithic zirconia crown was the restoration of choice. An alginate impression of the abutment tooth was taken to fabricate a custom-made closed-mouth impression tray covering the abutment tooth and the adjacent teeth. The tray had an FGP table and an abutment tray in cameo and intaglio surfaces, respectively. The impression was taken with silicone impression material after adjusting the abutment tray and inscribing the FGP using self-curing acrylic resins. Plaster casts were made from the impression, and a zirconia crown was fabricated. The crown was cemented to the abutment tooth with minimal adjustments. This simple technique resulted in a well-fitting crown that accounted for mandibular movements. Using the custom closed-mouth impression tray incorporating an FGP table simultaneously aids in fabricating an accurately fitting restoration that incorporates harmonious mandibular movements using a single impression capture.

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• Morphological design of occlusal wear facets for the mandibular first molar crown using different bite registration methods
  Hu Chen, Xu Yang, Linlin Li, Yong Wang, Yuchun Sun
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• Proposal of a Modular Classification System for Direct Dental Resin Composites Based on Clinical Applications
  Philippe Francois, Mathieu Izart, Timothy Fasham, Yasmine Smail, Marie Jannot, Stéphane Le Goff, Fleur Beres, Max Troizier-Cheyne, Sara Bergman, Christian Moussally, Sarah Abdel-Gawad, Elisabeth Dursun, Romain Ceinos, Elisa Caussin, Jean-Pierre Attal
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• The Application of Nanomaterials for the Rescue of a Single Compromised Tooth with a Multidisciplinary Approach: Case Report and Scoping Review
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• Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength Of Various Core Build – up Materials In Maxillary Anterior Teeth - An In-Vitro Study
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The restoration of endodontic tooth is always a challenge for the clinician, not only due to excessive loss of tooth structure but also invasion of the biological width due to large decayed lesions. In this paper, the 7 most common clinical scenarios in molars with class II lesions ever deeper were examined. This includes both the type of restoration (direct or indirect) and the management of the cavity margin, such as the need for deep margin elevation (DME) or crown lengthening. It is necessary to have the DME when the healthy tooth remnant is in the sulcus or at the epithelium level. For caries that reaches the connective tissue or the bone crest, crown lengthening is required. Endocrowns are a good treatment option in the endodontically treated tooth when the loss of structure is advanced.

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Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) with gingival recession require specific consideration on both aspects of hard and soft tissue lesion. In the restorative aspect, careful finishing and polishing of the restorations prior to mucogingival surgery is the critical factor contributing to success. Regarding surgery, assessment of the configuration of the lesion and the choice of surgical technique are important factors. The precise diagnosis and the choice of the proper treatment procedure should be made on the basis of both restorative and surgical considerations to ensure the successful treatment of NCCLs.

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A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) fixed prosthesis is an innovative alternative to a traditional metal restoration, as it is a conservative treatment method. This case report demonstrates a detailed procedure for restoring a missing anterior tooth with an FRC. A 44-year-old woman visited our department with an avulsed tooth that had fallen out on the previous day and was completely dry. This tooth was replanted, but it failed after one year. A semi-direct technique was used to fabricate a FRC fixed partial prosthesis for its replacement. The FRC framework and the pontic were fabricated using a duplicated cast model and nanofilled composite resin. Later on, interproximal contact, tooth shape, and shade were adjusted at chairside. This technique not only enables the clinician to replace a missing tooth immediately after extraction for minimizing esthetic problems, but it also decreases both tooth reduction and cost.

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When a patient with a fractured anterior tooth visits the clinic, clinician has to restore the tooth esthetically and quickly. For esthetic resin restoration, clinician can use 'Natural Layering technique' and an index for palatal wall may be needed. In this case report, we introduce pre-restoration index technique on a Class IV defect, in which a temporary filling material is used for easy restoration. Chair-side index fabrication for Class IV restoration is convenient and makes a single-visit treatment possible.

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During a composite resin restoration, an anticipating contraction gap is usually tried to seal with low-viscosity resin after successive polishing, etching, rinsing and drying steps, which as a whole is called rebonding procedure. However, the gap might already have been filled with water or debris before applying the sealing resin. We hypothesized that microleakage would decrease if the rebonding agent was applied before the polishing step, i.e., immediately after curing composite resin. On the buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 extracted human molar teeth, class V cavities were prepared withthe occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. They were restored with a hybrid composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE, USA) using an adhesive AdperTM Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE). As rebonding agents, BisCover LV (Bisco, USA), ScotchBond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M ESPE) and an experimental adhesive were applied on the restoration margins before polishing step or after successive polishing and etching steps. The infiltration depth of 2% methylene blue into the margin was measured using an optical stereomicroscope. The correlation between viscosity of rebonding agents and mciroleakage was also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage within the rebonding procedures, within the rebonding agents, and within the margins. However, when the restorations were not rebonded, the microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than those groups rebonded with 3 agents (p < 0.05). The difference was not observed at the occlusal margin. No significant correlation was found between viscosity of rebonding agents and microleakage, except very weak correlation in case of rebonding after polishing and etching at gingival margin (r = -0.326, p = 0.041).

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• Antibacterial effect of self-etching adhesive systems onStreptococcus mutans
  Seung-Ryong Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with hypersensitivity mode on microtensile bond strength of composite resin. Twenty extracted permanent molars were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the irradiation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, adhesive system (Optibond FL or Clearfil SE bond) and application time of etchant (15 sec or 20 sec). Then composite resin was build up on each conditioned surface. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h and twelve specimens for each group were prepared. All specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength and the fracture modes were evaluated. Also, the prepared dentin surface and laser irradiated dentin surface were examined under SEM.

The results were as follows:

The microtensile bond strength of laser irradiated group was lower than that of no laser irradiated group.

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• Enamel pretreatment with Er:YAG laser: effects on the microleakage of fissure sealant in fluorosed teeth
  Mahtab Memarpour, Nasrin Kianimanesh, Bahareh Shayeghi
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of film thickness of various resin cements on bonding efficiency in indirect composite restoration by measurement of microtensile bond strength, polymerization shrinkage, flexural strength and modulus, fractographic FE-SEM analysis. Experimental groups were divided according to film thickness (< 50 µm-control, 50 µm-T50, 100 µm-T100, 150 µm-T150) using composite-based resin cements (Variolink II, Duo-Link) and adhesive-based resin cements (Panavia F, Rely X Unicem). The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).

The results were as follows;

Variolink II showed higher microtensile bond strength than that of adhesive-based resin cements in all film thickness (p < 0.05) but Duo-Link did not show significant difference except control group (p < 0.05).

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• Full mapping tensile bond strength of luting in search for differences due to centripetal curing shrinkage
  José C. de la Macorra, Beatriz Romero
  Dental Materials.2022; 38(4): e69.     CrossRef

Mouthguards were used to protect boxers from lip lacerations and other soft tissue injuries in the late 19th century. Now they are used various parts of dental treatment, which are sports protective aid, bleaching tray, orthodontic retainer, implant insertion guide tray, splint and so on.

Repeated dislodgement of Class V restoration due to habitual clenching stress should be restored with stress control. Mouthguard can be used as stress relief device.

This case describes methods that can relieve occlusal force to teeth by using mouthguard.

Satisfactory results can be obtained by using mouthguard for retention of repeated dislodgement Class V restorations.

If patients suffered from repeated restorations of Class V due to clenching, mouthguard can be used additional device to relieve the occlusal stress in conservative dentistry.

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• Investigation of the Effects of Teeth Clenching Due to Weight Training on Oral Health
  Sang Min Lee, Eun Chae Lee, Juwon Gong, Chae Eun Jang, Young Sun Hwang
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2024; 24(3): 152.     CrossRef
• Sports-Related Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries: A 5-Year Retrospective Study, Pusan National University Dental Hospital
  Han-Kyul Park, Jin-Young Park, Na-Rae Choi, Uk-Kyu Kim, Dae-Seok Hwang
  Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2021; 79(1): 203.e1.     CrossRef
• Influencing factors on oral and maxillofacial trauma prevention education experience of students majoring in physical education
  Kyeung-Ae Jang
  Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2014; 14(6): 915.     CrossRef
• Correlation between maxillofacial injury, use of mouth guards and stress in physical education majoring male students
  Jong-Hwa Jang, Jee-Hee Kim
  The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services.2013; 17(2): 89.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class II direct composite resin restorations.

Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts; first, operator's information, and second, the materials and methods used in Class II posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists, 2,612 e-mails were opened, and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v. 12.0.1, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).

Male dentists among respondents was 79%. 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007), and 77% practiced in private offices. 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures, conferences and seminars.

For the Class II restorations, gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents, while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents.

For the restorative technique, 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix, mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used. 99.6% of respondents restored the Class II cavity by incremental layering.

Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%).

Among various bonding systems, 22.6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.

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• A review of dental antibacterial agents and antibacterial modification of composite resins and dentin adhesives
  Hojin Moon
  Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2024; 51(4): 189.     CrossRef
• Comparison of operative techniques between female and male dentists in class 2 and class 5 resin composite restorations
  Juhea Chang, Hae-Young Kim, Ho-Hyun Son
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 116.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of various dentin bonding systems on microtensile bond strength of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Eighteen extracted permanent molars were used in this study. The teeth for DDS group were restored with a provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week, and divided into 3 subgroups according to various dentin bonding adhesives; SB subgroup (3 step total-etch adhesive), SE subgroup (2 step self-etch adhesive), XE subgroup (1 step self-etch adhesive). In IDS group, the teeth were divided into 3 subgroups, and applied with bonding adhesives as in DDS group. The teeth were restored with provisional restorations, and immersed in saline solution for 1 week. Indirect composite disc was cemented with resin cement, and all specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Student t-test.

The results were as follows:

The IDS group showed significantly higher µTBS than DDS group in 3 step total-etch and 2 step self-etch adhesive (p < 0.05).

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• The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation on microtensile bond strength of composite resin restoration
  Jeong-Hye Son, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 134.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength in Class I cavities associated with different light curing modes of same light energy density.

Occlusal enamel was removed to expose a flat dentin surface and twenty box-shaped Class I cavities were prepared in dentin. Single Bond (3M Dental product) was applied and Z 250 was inserted using bulk technique. The composite was light-cured using one of four techniques; pulse delay (PD group), soft-start (SS group), pulse cure (PC group) and standard continuous cure (CC group). The light-curing unit capable of adjusting time and intensity (VIP, Bisco Dental product) was selected and the light energy density for all curing modes was fixed at 16 J/cm². After storage for 24 hours, specimens were sectioned into beams with a rectangular cross-sectional area of approximately 1 mm². Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu Co.). The results were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test at significance level 0.05. The µTBS of PD group and SS group was higher than that of PC group and CC group.

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, modification of curing modes such as pulse delay and soft start polymerization can improve resin/dentin bond strength in Class I cavities by controlling polymerization velocity of composite resin.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various occlusal loading sites and directions on the stress distribution of the cervical composite resin restorations of maxillary second premolar, using 3 dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. Extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium). The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA). HyperMesh (Altair Engineering, Inc., Troy, USA) and ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA) was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Notch shaped cavity was filled with hybrid (Z100, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) or flowable resin (Tetric Flow, Vivadent Ets., FL-9494-Schaan, Liechtenstein) and each restoration was simulated with adhesive layer thickness (40 µm). A static load of 200 N was applied on the three points of the buccal incline of the palatal cusp and oriented in 20° increments, from vertical (long axis of the tooth) to oblique 40° direction towards the buccal. The maximum principal stresses in the occlusal and cervical cavosurface margin and vertical section of buccal surfaces of notch-shaped class V cavity were analyzed using ANSYS. As the angle of loading direction increased, tensile stress increased. Loading site had little effect on it. Under same loading condition, Tetric Flow showed relatively lower stress than Z100 overall, except both point angles. Loading direction and the elastic modulus of restorative material seem to be important factor on the cervical restoration.

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• Impact of bonding protocols and physical-mechanical properties of composite on durability and failure rate of fixed orthodontic retainers: a systematic review of laboratory studies
  Maciej Jedliński, Marta Mazur, Claudia Salerno, Katarzyna Grocholewicz, Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
  BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Finite element analysis of maxillary central incisors restored with various post-and-core applications
  MinSeock Seo, WonJun Shon, WooCheol Lee, Hyun-Mi Yoo, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Seung-Ho Baek
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 324.     CrossRef

It was reported that esthetic composite resin restoration reinforces the strength of remaining tooth structure with preserving the natural tooth structure. However, it is unknown how much the strength would be recovered. The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of three types of undermined cavity filled with composite resin with that of non-cavitated natural tooth.

Forty sound upper molars were allocated randomly into four groups of 10 teeth. After flattening occlusal enamel, undermined cavities were prepared in thirty teeth to make three types of specimens with various thickness of occlusal structure (Group 1 ~ 3). All the cavity have the 5 mm width mesiodistally and 7 mm depth bucco-lingually. Another natural 10 teeth (Group 4) were used as a control group. Teeth in group 1 have remaining occlusal structure about 1 mm thickness, which was composed of mainly enamel and small amount of dentin. In Group 2, remained thickness was about 1.5 mm, including 0.5 mm thickness dentin. In Group 3, thickness was about 2.0 mm, including 1 mm thickness dentin. Every effort was made to keep the remaining dentin thickness about 0.5 mm from the pulp space in cavitated groups. All the thickness was evaluated with radiographic Length Analyzer program.

After acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, one-bottle adhesive (Single Bond™, 3M/ESPE, USA) was applied following the manufacturer's recommendation and cavities were incrementally filled with hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z-250™, 3M/ESPE, USA). Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature, after then, they were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system.

All specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and static load was applied to the specimens with a 3 mm diameter stainless steel rod in an Universal testing machine and cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Maximum load in case of fracture was recorded for each specimen.

The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey test at the 95% confidence level.

The results were as follows:

Fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was about 75% of the natural tooth.

Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded the fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was lower than that of natural teeth, however remaining tooth structure may be supported and saved by the reinforcement with adhesive restoration, even if that portion consists of mainly enamel and a little dentin structure.

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• Fracture resistance of crown-root fractured teeth repaired with dual-cured composite resin and horizontal posts
  Seok-Woo Chang, Yong-Keun Lee, Seung-Hyun Kyung, Hyun-Mi Yoo, Tae-Seok Oh, Dong-Sung Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 383.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on dentin bonding strength of various dentin bonding systems as a function of time in composite resin restoration.

Dentin adhesives used in this study were Scotchbond Multipurpose, Single Bond, SE Bond and Prompt L-Pop. Flat dentin surfaces adjacent to pulp chamber were created, then Ca(OH)₂ and saline were mixed and applied on dentin surface of experimental group, then IRM was used to cover the mixture on dentin surface and the specimens were stored at 36.5℃ for experiment period (7 days, 30 days). After removing IRM and Ca(OH)₂, each dentin adhesives were treated on dentin surfaces.

Composite resin (Z-250, 3M) was placed with 5 mm height and was light-cured for 20 seconds. After stored in distilled water for 24 hours, each dentin-composite bonded spicemen was embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned into 1.0 × 1.0 mm² cross section composite-dentin beams. Specimen was mounted on zig of Universal testing machine and µTBS test was performed. SEM analysis was performed to examine the fractured surfaces.

The results suggested that applying calcium hydroxide did not show significant difference in dentin bonding strength.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of composite resin restorations on the stress distribution of notch shaped noncarious cervical lesion using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA).

Extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium). The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA). ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA) was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Notch shaped cavity was filled with hybrid or flowable resin and each restoration was simulated with adhesive layer thickness (40 µM). A static load of 500 N was applied on a point load condition at buccal cusp (loading A) and palatal cusp (loading B). The principal stresses in the lesion apex (internal line angle of cavity) and middle vertical wall were analyzed using ANSYS.

The results were as follows

1. Under loading A, compressive stress is created in the unrestored and restored cavity. Under loading B, tensile stress is created. And the peak stress concentration is seen at near mesial corner of the cavity under each load condition.

2. Compared to the unrestored cavity, the principal stresses at the cemeto-enamel junction (CEJ) and internal line angle of the cavity were more reduced in the restored cavity on both load conditions.

3. In teeth restored with hybrid composite, the principal stresses at the CEJ and internal line angle of the cavity were more reduced than flowable resin.

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• The influence of occlusal loads on stress distribution of cervical composite resin restorations: A three-dimensional finite element study
  Chan-Seok Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Kwang-Hoon Kim, Kwon Son, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(3): 246.     CrossRef

This article complies a survey on the replacement of the posterior restorations and accesses possible factors that influence the replacement of posterior restorations.

The data was collected from patients that visited department of conservative dentistry from Dec 1st 2003, to Sep 3rd 2004. Teeth was restricted to posterior permanent teeth. 9 dentists recorded age, gender of patients, tooth location, cavity form and restorative material. They rated marginal adaptation, anatomic form, secondary caries of old restoration by modified Ryge criteria system. The statistical analysis was performed with Chi square test (p < 0.05) for replacement ratio according to patients, tooth factor and One-way ANOVA was performed for comparison of old restoration according to restorative material.

The results were as follows;

1. The female (62%) was statistically higher ratio than the male (38%).

2. The distribution of replacement case according to age, the rate of replacement was in descending order, 20's (38.3%), 40's (16.8%), 30's (15.9%), 10's (11.1%), 50's (9.2%), 60's (8.7%).

3. The rate of replacement was 88% for molar and 12% for premolar (p < 0.05).

4. The rate of replacement was 39% for maxillar and 61% for mandible (p < 0.05).

5. The material of restorations was amalgam (69%), gold inlay (17%), composite resin (13%).

6. In rating system by modified Ryge criteria system on margin adaptation, there was statistically significant difference between amalgam and gold inlay. But on anatomic form and caries, there was no statistically significant difference among the material of restorations.

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• Analysis of the 2-dimensional marginal fit of the occlusal surface and the 3-dimensional accuracy of the inner surface of the occlusal surface according to the inlay prosthesis structure made of composite resin
  Kim Dong-Yeon, Lee Tae-Hee, Park Dong-In, Park Jin-Young, Jeong Il-Do, Lee Ha-Na, Kim Ji-Hwan, Kim Woong-Chul
  Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2019; 41(1): 21.     CrossRef
• Repair Rate of Composite Resin Restorations in Permanent First Molar in Children Under 12 Years Old
  Yunyeong Jeong, Okhyung Nam, Misun Kim, Hyo-seol Lee, Sungchul Choi
  THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2018; 45(3): 370.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the effect of different bonding systems and retention grooves on the clinical performance of resin restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty-nine healthy adults who had at least 2 NCCLs in their premolar areas were included in this study. One hundred and fifty teeth were equally assigned to six groups: (A) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, 4th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (B) SBMP with retention grooves; (C) BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (D) BC Plus with retention grooves; (E) Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (F) Adper Prompt with retention grooves. All cavities were filled with a hybrid composite resin, Denfil (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea) by one operator. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month recall, according to the modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) criteria. Additionally, clinical photographs were taken and epoxy resin replicas were made for SEM evaluation. At 6-month recall, there were some differences in the number of alpha ratings among the experimental groups. But, despite the differences in the number of alpha ratings, there was no significant difference among the 3 adhesive systems (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups with or without mechanical retention (p > 0.05). Follow-ups for longer periods than 6 months are needed to verify the clinical performance of different bonding systems and retention grooves.

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• Comparison of marginal microleakage between low and high flowable resins in class V cavity
  Sang-Bae Bae, Young-Gon Cho, Myeong-Seon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(6): 477.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of three resin surface sealants to prevent microleakage in Class V composite resin restorations. Forty Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and gingival margin in dentin were prepared on the buccal surfaces of sound extracted molars, and restored with composite resin. Restorations were randomly assigned into one of four equal groups (n = 10): a control group, without resin sealing, and three experimental groups in which margins were sealed with Fortify Plus, Biscover and Permaseal, respectively. Specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 4 hours, sectioned longitudinally, and observed the leakage at the occlusal and gingival margins. The result was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

In conclusion, the ability to reduce microleakage at occlusal margins was similar in all of three sealants. However at gingival margin, it depended on the type of used resin surface sealant. At gingival margin, control and Fortify Plus group showed statistically higher microleakage than PermaSeal group, and Fortify Plus group also showed higher microleakage than BisCover group (p < 0.05).

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• Influence of rebonding procedures on microleakage of composite resin restorations
  Mi-Ae Lee, Duck-Kyu Seo, Ho-Hyun Son, Byeong-Hoon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(3): 164.     CrossRef
• A survey on the use of composite resin in Class II restoration in Korea
  Dong-Ho Shin, Se-Eun Park, In-Seok Yang, Juhea Chang, In-Bog Lee, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(2): 87.     CrossRef
• Microleakage of 2-step adhesive systems in diamond-prepared cavity
  Myung-Goo Lee, Kwon-Hwan Cho, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(5): 437.     CrossRef

This study was done to evaluate whether there were any differences in microleakage of class V composite restorations according to restoration site and cavity size.

Total sixty-four restorations were made in molar teeth using Esthet-X. Small (2 × 2 × 1.5 mm) and large (4 × 2 × 1.5 mm) restorations were made at the buccal/lingual surface and the proximal surface each. After 1,000 times of thermocycling (5℃ - 55℃), resin replica was made and the percentage of marginal gap to the whole periphery of the restoration was estimated from SEM evaluation.

Thermocycled tooth was dye penetrated with 50% silver nitrate solution. After imbedding in an auto-curing resin, it was serially ground with a thickness of 0.25 mm. Volumetric microleakage was estimated after reconstructing three dimensionally.

Two-way ANOVA and independent T-test for dye volume, Mann-Whitney U test for the percentage of marginal gap, Spearman's rho test for the relationship between two techniques were used.

The results were as follows:

1. The site and size of the restoration affected on the microleakage of restoration. Namely, much more leakage was seen in the proximal and the large restorations rather than the buccal/lingual and the small restorations.

2. Close relationship was found between two techniques (Correlation coefficient = 0.614 / P = 0.000).

Within the limits of this study, it was noted that proximal and the large restorations leaked more than buccal/lingual and the small restorations. Therefore, it should be strictly recommended large exposure of margins should be avoided by reducing unnecessary tooth reduction.

The purpose of the present study were to evaluate microleakage of a fourth generation dentin-bonding agent following a walking bleaching treatment, to determine the effect of temporary postbleaching dressing with calcium hydroxide on microleakage and to investigate the effect of delayed intracoronal restoration on microleakage.

The results of this study were as follows:

1. Bleached groups showed more microleakage than unbleached group.

2. Immediately restored group following bleaching procedure showed the highest microleakage score.

3. One-week delayed restorations showed less microleakage but there were no statistically significant difference between group II and III.

4. Provisional dressing with calcium hydroxide had no influence on microleakage.

It is necessary to know the time that has elapsed from the bleaching treatment to the restoration procedure to achieve optimal seal, as well as to reduce the risk of microleakage in adhesive restoration.

This study investigated the influence of IRM on marginal microleakage of 5th generation adhesives. Class V cavities with gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 and 4 received no temporary restoration with IRM. Group 2 and 5 were covered with IRM mixed at P/L ratio(10g/1g). Group 3 and 6 were covered with IRM mixed at P/L ratio(10g/2g). The temporary restorations were removed mechanically with an ultrasonic scaler after one-week storage in distilled water. The cavities were restored using one of two adhesives and composites; Single Bond/Filtek Z 250(Group 1, 2 and 3), UniFil Bond/UniFil F(Group 4, 5 and 6).

Following one day storage in distilled water, the restored teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles(between 5℃ and 55℃) and immersed in 2% methylene blue for dye penetration testing. The results were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of this study were as follows:

1. Ranking of mean microleakage scores at the enamel margins was Group 1<Group 3<Group 2<Group 4<Group 5<Group 6. The microleakage of Group 6 was significantly higher than that of Groups 1, 2 and 3(p<0.05).

2. At the enamel margins, without regard to pretreatment with IRM, the microleakage of Single Bond was lower than that of UniFil Bond.

3. Ranking of mean microleakage scores at the dentin margins was Group 4<Group 1<Group 5<Group 6<Group 3<Group 2. But there were no significant difference among microleakages of each group(p>0.05).

4. At the dentin margins, the microleakage of the group not pretreated with IRM was lower than that of the group pretreated with IRM. And the microleakage of UniFil Bond was lower than that of Single Bond.

5. Compared with microleakages between the enamel and dentin margins of each groups, Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 at dentin margin were higher microleakage than those at enamel margin. There were significant difference between enamel and dentin microleakage of Group 2 and 3(p<0.05).

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• Effect of microleakage of a self-etching primer adhesive according to types of cutting instruments
  Yong-Hee Kim, Jae-Gu Park, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(4): 327.     CrossRef

This study was performed to evaluate the interfacial shear bond strength of base (direct and indirect) and repair composites with aging and surface treatment methods.

Direct composite resin specimens (Charisma®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 5 min, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week in 37℃ distilled water before surface treatment, and then divided into five groups: Group 1, grinding; Group 2, grinding and application of bonding agent; Group 3, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, and application of bonding agent; Group 4, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group 5, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent.

Indirect composite resin specimens (Artglass®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 1 week in 37℃ distilled water and divided into seven groups: Group 1 - Group 5, equal to Charisma specimens; Group 6, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 60sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group7, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 60 sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent.

The repair material(Charisma®) was then added on the center of the surface (5 mm in diameter, 5 mm in height). The shear bond strength was tested and the data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test.

The following conclusions were drawn.

1. The shear bond strength of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 hour was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05), and that of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 week was significantly higher in Group 3 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the bond strength of specimens aged for 5 min and 24 hours.

2. In Group 2 of the Charisma® specimens, there was significant difference between the bond strength of 24 hours and that of 1 week (p<0.05).

3. In Group 4 of the Charisma® specimens, the shear bond strength of specimens aged for 24 hours was significantly higher than the others(p<0.05).

4. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of the Artglass® specimens.

5. Most of the Charisma® specimens showed cohesive fractures. Artglass® specimens that were etched with acid (phosphoric or hydrofluoric) for 30 sec showed more cohesive fractures.

Citations

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• Analysis of the 2-dimensional marginal fit of the occlusal surface and the 3-dimensional accuracy of the inner surface of the occlusal surface according to the inlay prosthesis structure made of composite resin
  Kim Dong-Yeon, Lee Tae-Hee, Park Dong-In, Park Jin-Young, Jeong Il-Do, Lee Ha-Na, Kim Ji-Hwan, Kim Woong-Chul
  Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2019; 41(1): 21.     CrossRef
• The study of fractural behavior of repaired composite
  Sang-Soon Park, Wook Nam, Ah-Hyang Eom, Duck-Su Kim, Gi-Woon Choi, Kyoung-Kyu Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 461.     CrossRef

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• Effec of different zirconia primers on shear bond strengths of composite resin to bonded zirconia
  Hong-Bing Shi, Tae-Seok Kim, Jae-Seok Ahn, Jung-Hwan Lee
  Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2016; 38(3): 135.     CrossRef

The use of flowable composite resins as liners in class II packable composite restoration has been suggested by some manufacturers. However, the contributions of this technique are unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare the gingival microleakage in class II packable composite restorations with or without the use of flowable composite resins as liners.

Slot cavities were prepared on both proximals of 80 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to 8 groups of 20 each. The gingival margins were located at 1mm above CEJ in 80 cavities (group1-4) and 1mm below CEJ in 80 cavities (group5-8). The prepared teeth were mounted in the customized tray with adjacent teeth to simulate clinical conditions and metallic matrix band (Sectional matrix) and wooden wedges were applied. After acid etching and application of Single Bond, each group was restored with the following materials using incremental placement technique: Group 1,5 (Filtek P60), group 2, 3, 4 and group 6, 7, 8 (AeliteFlo, TetricFlow, Revolution/Filtek P60). All specimens were thermocycled 500 times between 5℃ and 55℃ with 1 mimute dwell time, immersed 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned longitudinally through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. Dye penetration at gingival margin was viewed at 20 magnification and analyzed on a scale of 0 to 4. Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis and Mann-Whitney Rank sum test were used to analyze the results.

The results of this study were as follows.

1. The leakage values seen at the enamel margin were significantly lower than those seen at the dentin margin(P<0.05).

2. On the enamel margin, packable composite resins with flowable liners showed lower leakage than those without flowable liners, but there were no significant differences among the four groups(P>0.05).

3. On the dentin margin, four groups demonstrated moderate to severe leakage, and there were no significant differences in leakage values(P>0.05).

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• Self-adhesion of low-viscosity composites to dentin surface
  Tae-Hee Cho, Kyoung-Kyu Choi, Sang-Hyuk Park, Sang-Jin Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2003; 28(3): 209.     CrossRef