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  International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.2019; 90: 154.     CrossRef
• Optical Evaluation of Enamel Microleakage with One-Step Self-Etch Adhesives
  Alaa Turkistani, Maha Almutairi, Nouf Banakhar, Reem Rubehan, Sulafa Mugharbil, Ahmed Jamleh, Adnan Nasir, Turki Bakhsh
  Photomedicine and Laser Surgery.2018; 36(11): 589.     CrossRef
• Improved drying method for removal of residual solvents from paclitaxel by pre-treatment with ethanol and water
  Chung-Gi Lee, Jin-Hyun Kim
  Process Biochemistry.2015; 50(6): 1031.     CrossRef

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• Micro Tensile bond strength and microleakage assessment of total-etch and self-etch adhesive bonded to carious affected dentin disinfected with Chlorhexidine, Curcumin, and Malachite green
  Zeeshan Qamar, Nishath Sayed Abdul, R Naveen Reddy, Mahesh Shenoy, Saleh Alghufaili, Yousef Alqublan, Ali Barakat
  Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2023; 43: 103636.     CrossRef
• The Classification and Selection of Adhesive Agents; an Overview for the General Dentist
  Naji Ziad Arandi
  Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry.2023; Volume 15: 165.     CrossRef
• Influence of chlorhexidine 2% and sodium hypochlorite 5.25% on micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesive system (G-Premio Bond)
  Nafiseh Fazelian, Abbas Rahimi Dashtaki, MohammadAmin Eftekharian, Batool Amiri
  Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparative evaluation of the effects of different methods of post space preparation in primary anterior teeth on the fracture resistance of tooth restorations
  Bahman Seraj, Sara Ghadimi, Ebrahim Najafpoor, Fatemeh Abdolalian, razieh khanmohammadi
  Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects.2019; 13(2): 141.     CrossRef
• Chemical, microbial, and host‐related factors: effects on the integrity of dentin and the dentin–biomaterial interface
  Marcela T. Carrilho, Fabiana Piveta, Leo Tjäderhane
  Endodontic Topics.2015; 33(1): 50.     CrossRef
• MMP Inhibitors on Dentin Stability
  A.F. Montagner, R. Sarkis-Onofre, T. Pereira-Cenci, M.S. Cenci
  Journal of Dental Research.2014; 93(8): 733.     CrossRef
• Thermal cycling for restorative materials: Does a standardized protocol exist in laboratory testing? A literature review
  Anna Lucia Morresi, Maurizio D'Amario, Mario Capogreco, Roberto Gatto, Giuseppe Marzo, Camillo D'Arcangelo, Annalisa Monaco
  Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2014; 29: 295.     CrossRef

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• An in vitro study on comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of bioactive composite to tooth structure with various dentin conditioning agents
  Priyanka Pokkula, Shaik Mohammed Asif, Abdullah Alqarni, Shahabe Saquib Abullais, Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen, Syed M Yassin, Abosofyan S. Atta, Wahaj Ahmad Khan
  AIP Advances.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Influence of Drying Time, Application Mode, and Agitation on the Dentin Bond Strength of a Novel Mesoporous Bioactive Glass-Containing Universal Dentin Adhesive
  Jiyoung Kwon, Jungwon Kim, Dongseok Choi, Duck-Su Kim
  Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2025; 16(7): 247.     CrossRef
• The occluding effects of layered calcium phosphate and cyanoacrylate on dentinal tubules: a SEM study
  Özge Uzuner Bilgiç, Sühan Gürbüz, Altan Dogan
  BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Shear bond strengths of two newly marketed self‐adhesive resin cements to different substrates: A light and scanning electron microscopy evaluation
  Cansu Atalay, Uzay Koc Vural, Ivana Miletic, Sevil Gurgan
  Microscopy Research and Technique.2022; 85(5): 1694.     CrossRef
• The effect of curing mode of dual-cure resin cements on bonding performance of universal adhesives to enamel, dentin and various restorative materials
  Erick LUZ MADRIGAL, Antonin TICHY, Keiichi HOSAKA, Masaomi IKEDA, Masatoshi NAKAJIMA, Junji TAGAMI
  Dental Materials Journal.2021; 40(2): 446.     CrossRef
• Effect of adhesive air-drying time on bond strength to dentin: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Mohamed M. Awad, Ali Alrahlah, Jukka P. Matinlinna, Hamdi Hosni Hamama
  International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.2019; 90: 154.     CrossRef
• Effect of pre-curing of two universal adhesives on the shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia
  Ga-Eun Son, Tae-Yub Kwon, Young Kyung Kim
  Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2019; 46(1): 21.     CrossRef
• Bonding effectiveness of different dentin conditions on etch-and-rinse mode of two universal adhesives: the confocal laser scanning and shear bond strength
  Jounghyun Lee, Ka-Young Cho, Jin-Young Kim, Sungho Park, Byoung-Duck Roh, Yooseok shin
  Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology.2017; 31(9): 933.     CrossRef
• Effect of dentin dehydration and composite resin polymerization mode on bond strength of two self-etch adhesives
  Pooran Samimi, Mehdi Alizadeh, Farinaz Shirban, Amin Davoodi, Maryam Khoroushi
  Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.2016; 7(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Effect of different air-drying time on the microleakage of single-step self-etch adhesives
  Horieh Moosavi, Maryam Forghani, Esmatsadat Managhebi
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(2): 73.     CrossRef

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• Sixty-month follow up of three different universal adhesives used with a highly-filled flowable resin composite in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesion
  Fatma Dilsad Oz, Canan Ozturk, Reza Soleimani, Sevil Gurgan
  Clinical Oral Investigations.2022; 26(8): 5377.     CrossRef

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• Effect of Baicalein on Bond Strength of Indirect Ceramic Restoration
  Nuray Zulkadir Ergin, Aslı Seçilmiş
  Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2025; 16(3): 356.     CrossRef
• The Classification and Selection of Adhesive Agents; an Overview for the General Dentist
  Naji Ziad Arandi
  Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry.2023; Volume 15: 165.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with hypersensitivity mode on microtensile bond strength of composite resin. Twenty extracted permanent molars were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the irradiation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, adhesive system (Optibond FL or Clearfil SE bond) and application time of etchant (15 sec or 20 sec). Then composite resin was build up on each conditioned surface. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h and twelve specimens for each group were prepared. All specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength and the fracture modes were evaluated. Also, the prepared dentin surface and laser irradiated dentin surface were examined under SEM.

The results were as follows:

The microtensile bond strength of laser irradiated group was lower than that of no laser irradiated group.

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• Enamel pretreatment with Er:YAG laser: effects on the microleakage of fissure sealant in fluorosed teeth
  Mahtab Memarpour, Nasrin Kianimanesh, Bahareh Shayeghi
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(3): 180.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS), failure modes and bonding interfaces of self-etching and three self-adhesive resin cements to dentin and indirect composite resin.

Cylindrical composite blocks (Tescera, Bisco Inc.) were luted with resin cements (PA: Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray Medical Inc., RE: RelyX Unicem Clicker, 3M ESPE., MA: Maxem, Kerr Co., BI: BisCem, Bisco Inc.) on the prepared occlusal dentin surfaces of 20 extracted molars. After storage in distilled water for 24 h, 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm composite-dentin beams were prepared. µTBS was tested at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Dentin sides of all fractured specimens and interfaces of resin cements-dentin or resin cements-composite were examined at FE-SEM (Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope).

In conclusion, PA and RE showed higher bond strength and closer adaptation than MA and BI when indirect composite blocks were luted to dentin using a self-etching and three self-adhesive resin cements.

The purpose of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to dentin prepared with different diamond points, carbide burs and SiC papers, and also to determine which SiC paper yield similar strength to that of dentinal surface prepared with points or burs.

Fifty-six human molar were sectioned to expose the occlusal dentinal surfaces of crowns and slabs of 1.2 mm thick were made. Dentinal surfaces were removed with three diamond points, two carbide burs, and three SiC papers. They were divided into one of eight equal groups (n = 7); Group 1: standard diamond point(TF-12), Group 2: fine diamond point (TF-12F), Group 3: extrafine diamond point (TF-12EF), Group 4: plain-cut carbide bur (no. 245), Group 5: cross-cut carbide bur (no. 557), Group 6 : P 120-grade SiC paper, Group 7: P 220-grade SiC paper, Group 8: P 800-grade SiC paper.

Clearfil SE Bond was applied on dentinal surface and Clearfil AP-X was placed on dentinal surface using Tygon tubes. After the bonded specimens were subjected to uSBS testing, the mean uSBS (n = 20 for each group) was statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test.

In conclusion, the use of extrafine diamond point is recommended for improved bonding of Clearfil SE Bond to dentin. Also the use of P 220-grade SiC paper in vitro will be yield the results closer to dentinal surface prepared with fine diamond point or carbide burs in vivo.

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• Evaluation of the flexural and repair bond strengths of 3D-printed temporary restorations
  Nazmi Dinçer, Şafak Külünk, Seniha Kısakürek, Ibrahim Duran
  BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of shear bond strength between various temporary prostheses resin blocks fabricated by subtractive and additive manufacturing methods bonded to self-curing reline resin
  Hyo-Min Ryu, Jin-Han Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2023; 61(3): 189.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Aging and Different Surface Treatments on Temporary Cement Bonding of Temporaray Crown Materials
  Sebahat FINDIK AYDINER, Nuran YANIKOĞLU, Zeynep YEŞİL DUYMUŞ
  Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.2023; 26(2): 144.     CrossRef
• Influence of surface treatments and repair materials on the shear bond strength of CAD/CAM provisional restorations
  Ki-Won Jeong, Sung-Hun Kim
  The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics.2019; 11(2): 95.     CrossRef
• Shear bond strength of dental CAD-CAM hybrid restorative materials repaired with composite resin
  Yun-Hee Moon, Jonghyuk Lee, Myung-Gu Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2016; 54(3): 193.     CrossRef
• Microshear bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to enamel according to the type of bur
  Jin-Ho Jeong, Young-Gon Cho, Myung-Seon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(6): 477.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the normal and two times of application time of six self-etching primers applied to enamel using microshear bond strength (uSBS) test and the finding of scanning electronic microscope (SEM).

Crown of sixty human molars were bisected mesiodistally and buccal and lingual enamel of crowns were partially exposed and polished with 600 grit SiC papers. They were divided into one of two equal groups subdivided into one of six equal groups (n = 10) by self-etching primer adhesives.

After the same manufacture's adhesive resin and composites were bonded on the enamel surface of each group, the bonded specimens were subjected to uSBS testing and also observed under SEM.

In conclusion, generally two times of primer application time increased the enamel uSBS, especially with the statistical increase of bond strength in adhesives involving high-pH primers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in root canal filled with Resilon by several self-etching primers and methacrylate-based root canal sealer. Seventy single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The canals were instrumented by a crown-down manner with Gate-Glidden drills and .04 Taper Profile to ISO #40. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 15 teeth each according to root canal filling material and self-etching primers and two control groups (positive and negative) of 5 teeth each as follows: group 1 - gutta percha and AH26® sealer; group 2 - Resilon, RealSeal™ primer and RealSeal™ sealer; group 3 - Resilon, Clearfil SE Bond® primer and RealSeal™ sealer group 4 - Resilon, AdheSe® primer and RealSeal™ sealer. Apical leakage was measured by a maximum length of linear dye penetration of roots sectioned longitudinally by diamond disk. Statistical analysis was performed using the One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test. There were no statistical differences in the mean apical dye penetration among the groups 2, 3 and 4 of self-etching primers. And group 1, 2 and 3 had also no statistical difference in apical dye penetration. But, there was statistical difference between group 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). The group 1 showed the least dye penetration. According to the results of this study, Resilon with self-etching primer was not sealed root canal better than gutta precha with AH26® at sealing root canals. And there was no significant difference in apical leakage among the three self-etching primers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive or active application of primer and coat times of bond on the shear bond strength when a self-etching primer adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to enamel surface.

Crowns of sixteen human molars were selected. Buccal and lingual enamels of crowns were partially exposed and slabs of 1.2 mm thick were made. They were divided into one of four equal groups (n = 8). Group 1: passive application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 2: active application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 3: passive application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond, Group 4: active application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond. Clearfil AP-X was bonded to enamel suface of each group using Tygon tubes. The bonded specimens were subjected to microshear bond strength (uSBS) testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.

The results of this study were as follows;

The uSBS of Group 1 was the lowest among groups and the uSBS of Group 4 was the highest.

Citations

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• Enamel Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesives with Phototherapy Active Application: a Pilot Study
  M. K. Ayar, Ö. Yeşil
  Strength of Materials.2024; 56(3): 669.     CrossRef
• Influence of application methods of one-step self-etching adhesives on microtensile bond strength
  Chul-Kyu Choi, Sung-Ae Son, Jin-Hee Ha, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Yong-Hun Kwon, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(3): 203.     CrossRef
• The effect of various bonding systems on the microtensile bond strength of immediate and delayed dentin sealing
  Jin-hee Ha, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 526.     CrossRef

Present tooth bonding system can be categorized into total etching bonding system (TE) and self-etching boding system (SE) based on their way of smear layer treatment. The purposes of this study were to compare the effectiveness between these two systems and to evaluate the effect of number of themocycling on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations.

Total forty class V cavities were prepared on the single-rooted bovine teeth and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: two kinds of bonding system and another two kinds of thermocycling groups. Half of the cavities were filled with Z250 follwing the use of TE system, Single Bond and another twenty cavities were filled with Metafil and AQ Bond, SE system. All composite restoratives were cured using light curing unit (XL2500, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 40 seconds with a light intensity of 600 mW/cm².

Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature and were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. Half of teeth were thermocycled 500 times and the other half were thermocycled 5,000 times between 5℃ and 55℃ for 30 second at each temperature.

Teeth were isolated with two layers of nail varnish except the restoration surface and 1 mm surrounding margins. Electrical conductivity (µA) was recorded in distilled water by electrochemical method. Microleakage scores were compared and analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% level.

From this study, following results were obtained: There was no interaction between variables of bonding system and number of thermocycling (p = 0.485). Microleakage was not affected by the number of thermocycling either (p = 0.814). However, Composite restoration of Metafil and AQ Bond, SE bond system showed less microleakage than composite restoration of Z250 and Single Bond, TE bond system (p = 0.005).

Citations

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• Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Bulk-fill Resin Composites
  Hanbyeol Lee, Hyunwoo Seo, Juhyun Lee, Howon Park
  THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2015; 42(4): 281.     CrossRef
• Effect of Er:YAG lasing on the dentin bonding strength of two-step adhesives
  Byeong-Choon Song, Young-Gon Cho, Myung-Seon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(5): 409.     CrossRef
• Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems
  Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 333.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of burs on microleakage of Class V resin restorations when a self-etching primer adhesive was used.

Forty Class V cavities were prepared with four different cutting burs on extracted third molars, and divided into one of four equal groups (n = 10); Group 1-plain cut carbide bur (no. 245), Group 2-cross cut carbide bur (no. 557), Group 3-fine diamond bur (TF-21F), Group 4-standard diamond bur (EX-41).

The occlusal and gingival margin of cavities was located in enamel and dentin, respectively. Cavities were treated with Clearfil SE Bond and restored with Clearfil AP-X. Specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, and bisected longitudinally. They were observed leakages at enamel and dentinal margins. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked test.

The results of this study were as follows;

1. At enamel margin, microleakage of group 4 was statistically higher than those of group 1, 2 and 3 (p < 0.01).

2. At dentinal margin, microleakage of group 4 was statistically higher than group 3 (p < 0.01), but group 1 and 2 were not statistically different with group 3 and 4.

3. Enamel microleakage was statistically higher than dentinal microleakage in group 1, 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), but statistical difference between the microleakage of enamel and dentinal margin was not in group 4.

In conclusion, the use of coarse diamond bur showed high microleakage at both enamel and dentinal margin when Clearfil SE Bond was used in class V cavity.

Citations

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• Microshear bond strength of a self-etching primer adhesive to enamel according to the type of bur
  Jin-Ho Jeong, Young-Gon Cho, Myung-Seon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(6): 477.     CrossRef
• Effect of cutting instruments on the dentin bond strength of a self-etch adhesive
  Young-Gon Lee, So-Ra Moon, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(1): 13.     CrossRef

This study was to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of light- and chemically cured composites to enamel coupled with four 2-step self-etch adhesives and also to evaluate the incompatibility between 2-step self-etch adhesives and chemically cured composite resin.

Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and a 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to four groups by adhesives used: SE group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE), Tyrian group (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), and Contax group (Contax). Each adhesive was applied to a cut enamel surface as per the manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek Z250) or chemically cured composite (Luxacore Smartmix Dual) was bonded to the enamel of each specimen using a Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to µSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean µSBS (n=20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at 95% level. Also the interface of enamel and composite was evaluated under FE-SEM.

The results of this study were as follows;

1. The µSBS of the SE Bond group to the enamel was significantly higher than that of the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin (p < 0.05).

2. There was not a significant difference among the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin.

3. The µSBS of the light-cured composite resin was significantly higher than that of the chemically cured composite resin when same adhesive was applied to the enamel (p < 0.05).

4. The interface of enamel and all 2-step self-etch adhesives showed close adaptation, and so the incompatibility of the chemically cured composite resin did not show.

Citations

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• Effect of pre-heating on some physical properties of composite resin
  Myoung Uk Jin, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 30.     CrossRef

This study compared the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of light-cured and dual-cured composites to enamel bonded with three self-etching adhesives. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to three groups by used adhesives: Xeno group (Xeno III), Adper group (Adper Prompt L-Pop), and AQ group (AQ Bond). Each adhesive was applied to cut enamel surface as per manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek Z 250) or dual-cured composite (Luxacore) was bonded to enamel of each specimen using Tygon tube.

After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to µSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean µSBS (n = 20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at the 0.05 probability level. The results of this study were as follows;

1. The µSBS of light-cured composite was significantly higher than that of dual-cured composite when same adhesive was applied to enamel.

2. For Z 250, the µSBS of AQ group (9.95 ± 2.51 MPa) to enamel was significantly higher than that of Adper goup (6.74 ± 1.80 MPa), but not significantly different with Xeno group (7.73 ± 2.01 MPa).

3. For Luxacore, the µSBS of Xeno group (5.19 ± 1.32 MPa) to enamel was significantly higher than that of Adper goup (3.41 ± 1.19 MPa), but not significantly different with AQ group (4.50 ± 0.96 MPa).

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• Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths Between Dual Cure Resin Cement and Light Cure Resin Cement in Root Surface Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Analysis Study
  Karishma Desai, Karthickraj S M
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Difference in bond strength according to filling techniques and cavity walls in box-type occlusal composite resin restoration
  Eun-Joo Ko, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 350.     CrossRef
• Effect of an intermediate bonding resin and flowable resin on the compatibility of two-step total etching adhesives with a self-curing composite resin
  Sook-Kyung Choi, Ji-Wan Yum, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 397.     CrossRef

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the μTBS (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability.

Freshly extracted 3^rd molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups: 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE; AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE). Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain 1 × 1 ㎜ sticks after 24 hours of storage at 37 °C distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The μTBS test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1 mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/ Duncan's test at the α〈 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM.

The results of this study were as follows;

3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress.

Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/ procedure of adhesive. Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

Citations

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• Effect of Er:YAG lasing on the dentin bonding strength of two-step adhesives
  Byeong-Choon Song, Young-Gon Cho, Myung-Seon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(5): 409.     CrossRef
• Quantitative comparison of permeability in the adhesive interface of four adhesive systems
  Juhea Chang, Keewook Yi, Hae-Young Kim, In Bog Lee, Byeong Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 51.     CrossRef

In this study, the changes in the degree of conversion (DC) and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of self-etching adhesives to dentin was investigated according to the time after curing. The MTBS of Single Bond (SB, 3M ESPE, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray, Japan), Xeno-III (XIII, Dentsply, Germany), and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE, USA) were measured at 48h, at 1 week and after thermocycling for 5,000 cycles between 5℃ and 55℃. The DC of the adhesives were measured immediately, at 48h and at 7 days after curing using a Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometer. The fractured surfaces were also evaluated with scanning electron microscope. The MTBS and DC were significantly increased with time and there was an interaction between the variables of time and material (MTBS, 2-way ANOVA, p = 0.018; DC, Repeated Measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). The low DC was suggested as a cause of the low MTBS of self-etching adhesives, XIII and AP, but the increase in the MTBS of SE and AP after 48h could not be related with the changes in the DC. The microscopic maturation of the adhesive layer might be considered as the cause of increasing bond strength.

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• Effect of Plasma Deposition Using Low-Power/Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Promoting Adhesion of Composite Resin to Enamel
  Geum-Jun Han, Jae-Hoon Kim, Sung-No Chung, Bae-Hyeock Chun, Chang-Keun Kim, Byeong-Hoon Cho
  Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.2014; 34(4): 933.     CrossRef
• The effect of priming etched dentin with solvent on the microtensile bond strength of hydrophobic dentin adhesive
  Eun-Sook Park, Ji-Hyun Bae, Jong-Soon Kim, Jae-Hoon Kim, In-Bog Lee, Chang-Keun Kim, Ho-Hyun Son, Byeong-Hoon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 42.     CrossRef
• Effect of curing methods of resin cements on bond strength and adhesive interface of post
  Mun-Hong Kim, Hae-Jung Kim, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(2): 103.     CrossRef
• Difference in bond strength according to filling techniques and cavity walls in box-type occlusal composite resin restoration
  Eun-Joo Ko, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 350.     CrossRef
• The effect of various bonding systems on the microtensile bond strength of immediate and delayed dentin sealing
  Jin-hee Ha, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 526.     CrossRef

Recently, self-etching adhesive system has been introduced to simplify the clinical bonding procedures. It is less acidic compared to the phosphoric acid, thus there is doubt whether this system has enough bond strength to enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of additional etching on the adhesion of resin composite to enamel.

Ninety extracted bovine permanent anterior teeth were used. The labial surfaces of the crown were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper under wet condition. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 15 teeth each. Clearfil SE Bond®, Adper™ Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE™ were used as self-etching primers. Each self-etching primers were applied in both enamel specimens with and without additional etching. For additional etching groups, enamel surface was pretreated with 32% phosphoric acid (UNI-ETCH, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Hybrid resin composite Clearfil AP-X, (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was packed into the mold and light-cured for 40 seconds. Twenty-four hours after storage, the specimens were tested in shear bond strength. The data for each group were subjected to independent t - test at p < 0.01 to make comparisons among the groups.

In Clearfil SE Bond®, shear bond strength of additional etching group was higher than no additional etching group (p < 0.01). In Adper™ Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE, there were no significant difference between additional etching and non-etching groups (p > 0.01).

In conclusion, self-etching adhesive system with weak acid seems to have higher bond strength to enamel with additional etching, while self-etching adhesive system with strong acid seems not.

Citations

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• Microtensile bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system using different bonding strategies
  Laura Alves Bastos, Ana Beatriz Silva Sousa, Brahim Drubi-Filho, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2015; 40(1): 23.     CrossRef

This study investigated the hypothesis that the dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesive (SEA) might be improved by applying additional layer of bonding resin that might alleviate the pH difference between the SEA and the restorative composite resin. Two SEAs were used in this study; Experimental SEA (Exp, pH: 1.96) and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE, USA, pH: 1.0). In the control groups, they were applied with two sequential coats. In the experimental groups, after applying the first coat of assigned SEAs, the D/E bonding resin of All-Bond 2 (Bisco Inc., USA, pH: 6.9) was applied as the intermediate adhesive. Z-250 (3M ESPE, USA) composite resin was built-up in order to prepare hourglass-shaped specimens. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured and the effect of the intermediate layer on the bond strength was analyzed for each SEA using t-test. The fracture mode of each specimen was inspected using stereomicroscope and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). When D/E bonding resin was applied as the second coat, MTBS was significantly higher than that of the control groups. The incidence of the failure between the adhesive and the composite or between the adhesive and dentin decreased and that of the failure within the adhesive layer increased. According to the results, applying the bonding resin of neutral pH can increase the bond strength of SEAs by alleviating the difference in acidity between the SEA and restorative composite resin.

Citations

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• Effect of an intermediate bonding resin and flowable resin on the compatibility of two-step total etching adhesives with a self-curing composite resin
  Sook-Kyung Choi, Ji-Wan Yum, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 397.     CrossRef
• Aging effect on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives
  JS Park, JS Kim, MS Kim, HH Son, HC Kwon, BH Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(6): 415.     CrossRef

This study was performed to investigate the compatibility between 4 dentin adhesives and 4 resin luting cements.

Dentin adhesives used in this study were All-Bond 2 (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), Prompt L-Pop (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan). Resin luting cements used in this study were Choice (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Panavia F (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), RelyX ARC (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), Bistite II DC (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan). Combination of each dentin adhesive and corresponding resin cement was made to 16 experimental groups.

Flat dentin surfaces was created on mid-coronal dentin of extracted mandibular third molars, then dentin surface was polished with 320-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers.

Indirect resin composite block (Tescera, Bisco) was fabricated. Its surface for bonding to tooth was polished with silicon carbide abrasive papers. Each dentin adhesive was treated on tooth surface and resin composite overlay were luted with each resin cement. Each bonded specimen was poured in epoxy resin and sectioned occluso-gingivally into 1.0 mm thick slab, then further sectioned into 1.0 × 1.0 mm² composite-dentin beams. Microtensile bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests.

The results of this study were as follows;

2-step self-etching dentin adhesive which has additional bonding resin is more compatible than 1-step self-etching dentin adhesive.

Citations

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• Microtensile bond strength of resin inlay bonded to dentin treated with various temporary filling materials
  Tae-Woo Kim, Bin-Na Lee, Young-Jung Choi, So-Young Yang, Hoon-Sang Chang, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(5): 419.     CrossRef
• Effect of the additional etching procedure on push-out bond strength of one-step resin cement
  Soon-Il Kang, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(5): 443.     CrossRef
• The study of shear bond strength of a self-adhesive resin luting cement to dentin
  Hee-Sun In, Jong-Il Park, Jong-In Choi, Hye-Won Cho, Jin-Keun Dong
  The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2008; 46(5): 535.     CrossRef
• Comparison of bond strength of a fiber post cemented with various resin cements
  Hyun-A Lee, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 499.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Temporary Filling Materials on The Adhesion between Dentin Adhesive-coated Surface and Resin Inlay
  Tae-Gun Kim, Kwang-Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 553.     CrossRef
• The bonding durability of resin cements
  Min-Woo Cho, Sang-Hyuk Park, Jong-Ryul Kim, Kyoung-Kyu Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(4): 343.     CrossRef

This study compared the microshear bond strength (µSBS) to end and side of enamel rod bonded by four adhesives including two total etch adhesives and two self-etch adhesives.

Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally. The outer buccal or lingual surface was used as specimens cutting the ends of enamel rods, and inner slabs used as specimens cutting the sides of enamel rods.

They were assigned to four groups by used adhesives: Group 1 (All-Bond 2), Group 2 (Single Bond), Group 3 (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), Group 4 (Adper Prompt L-Pop). After each adhesive was applied to enamel surface, three composite cylinders were adhered to it of each specimen using Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to µSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The results of this study were as follows;

1. The µSBS of Group 2 (16.50 ± 2.31 _MPa) and Group 4 (15.83 ± 2.33 _MPa) to the end of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (11.93 ± 2.25 _MPa) and Group 3 (11.97 ± 2.05 _MPa) (p < 0.05).

2. The µSBS of Group 2 (13.43 ± 2.93 _MPa) to the side of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (8.64 ± 1.53 _MPa), Group 3 (9.69 ± 1.80 _MPa), and Group 4 (10.56 ± 1.75 _MPa) (p < 0.05).

3. The mean µSBS to the end of enamel rod was significantly higher than that to the side of enamel rod in all group (p < 0.05).

Citations

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• Enamel adhesion of light- and chemical-cured composites coupled by two step self-etch adhesives
  Sae-Hee Han, Eun-Soung Kim, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(3): 169.     CrossRef

This study compared the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and microscopic change of two 2-step and two 1-step self-etching adhesives to dentin according to storage times in distilled water.

Occlusal dentin was exposed in 48 human molars. They were divided to four groups by different adhesives: SE Bond group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE), Adper group (Adper Prompt L-Pop), and Xeno group (Xeno III). Each group was stored in 37℃ distilled water for 1, 15, and 30 days.

Resin-bonded specimens were sectioned into beams and subjected to μTBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. For SEM observation, one specimen was selected and sectioned in each group after each stroage time. Resin-dentin interface was observed under FE-SEM.

In all storage times, mean μTBS of SE group was significantly higher than those of other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between mean μTBS of SE group and AdheSE group among all storage times, but significant difference between 1- and 30-day storage in mean μTBS of Adper group and Xeno group (p < 0.05). For 1-and 15-day storage, all groups showed the close adaptation between resin-dentin interfaces. For 30-day storage, resin-dentin interfaces showed wide gap in Adper group and separate pattern in Xeno III group.

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• Effect of a desensitizer on dentinal bond strength in cementation of composite resin inlay
  Sae-Hee Han, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(3): 223.     CrossRef
• The effect of thermocycling on the durability of dentin adhesive systems
  Young-Hoon Moon, Jong-Ryul Kim, Kyung-Kyu Choi, Sang-Jin Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(3): 222.     CrossRef

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• Influence of additional etching on shear bond strength of self-etching adhesive system to enamel
  Sun-Jin Yoo, Young-Kyung Kim, Jeong-Won Park, Myoung-Uk Jin, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(4): 263.     CrossRef

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• The effect of concentration and application time of hydrogen peroxide on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations to the dentin at different depths
  Jeong-Lyong Son, Gye-Young Lee, Yu-Mi Kang, Young-Taek Oh, Kwang-Won Lee, Tae-Gun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 406.     CrossRef
• Effect of vital tooth bleaching agent on dentin bonding
  Na-Young Jeong, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young-kyung Kim, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(2): 79.     CrossRef

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems.

Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. μTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Test.

The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased μTBS to dentin.

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• The utility of dental health capacity of the first permanent molars as an oral health indicator among children and adolescents
  Sun-Ho Lee, Heung-Soo Lee, Hyo-Won Oh, Hyun-Jeong Ju, So-Young Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015; 39(3): 174.     CrossRef
• Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting the survival of first molars in Korean adults
  Sung-Suk Chung, Jong-Bae Kim, Young-Sam Kim, Young-Ran Jung, Jin-Sil Hong, Ju-Yeon Kim, Kee-Wan Chang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015; 39(2): 88.     CrossRef
• Dental health capacity of the first permanent molars among children and adolescents in Korea for the year 2010
  Sun-Ho Lee, Hyun-Jeong Ju, So-Young Park, Hyo-Won Oh, Heung-Soo Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2013; 37(2): 103.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare and to evaluate the combination use of 5 kinds of dentin adhesive systems and 5 kinds of composite resins using micro-shear bond test. Five adhesive systems (Prime & Bond NT (PBN), Onecoat bond (OC), Excite (EX), Syntac (SY), Clearfil SE bond (CS)) and five composite resins (Spectrum (SP), Synergy Compact (SC), Tetric Ceram (TC), Clearfil AP-X (CA), Z100 (Z1)) were used for this study (5 × 5 = 25group, n = 14/group). The slices of horizontally sectioned human tooth were bonded with each bonding system and each composite resin, and tested by a micro-shear bond strength test. These results were analyzed statistically. The mean micro-shear bond strength of dentin adhesive systems were in order of CS (22.642 MPa), SY (18.368 MPa), EX (14.599 MPa), OC (13.702 MPa), PBN (12.762 MPa). The mean bond strength of self-etching primer system group (CS, SY) in dentin was higher than that of self-priming adhesive system groups (PBN, EX, OC) significantly (P<0.05). The mean bond strength of composite resins was in order of SP (19.008 MPa), CA (17.532 MPa), SC (15.787 MPa), TC (15.068 MPa), Z1 (14.678 MPa). Micro-shear bond strength of SP was stronger than those of other composite resins significantly (P < 0.05). And those of TC and Z1 were weaker than other composite resins significantly (P < 0.05). No difference was found in micro-shear bond strength of composite resin in self-etching primer adhesive system groups (CS, SY) statistically. However, there was significant difference of micro-shear bond strength of composite resin groups in self-priming adhesive systems group (PBN, EX, OC). The combination of composite resin and dentin adhesive system recommended by manufacturer did not represent positive correlation. It didn’t seem to be a significant factor.

Citations

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• Effect of pre-heating on some physical properties of composite resin
  Myoung Uk Jin, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 30.     CrossRef
• Correlation Between the Amount of Linear Polymerization Shrinkage and Cuspal Deflection
  S-Y. Lee, S-H. Park
  Operative Dentistry.2006; 31(3): 364.     CrossRef
• Correlation between Linear polymerization shrinkage & tooth cuspal deflection
  Soon-Young Lee, Sung-Ho Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2005; 30(6): 442.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength and interfacial pattern of composite bonded to dentin using self-etching adhesive systems.

Sixty extracted human molars with exposed occlusal dentin were divided into four groups and bonded with four adhesives and composites: Single Bond/Filtek Z 250(SB), Tyrian SPE-One-Step Plus/Aelitefil(TY), Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z 250(LP), and One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell(OU).

The results of this study were as follows;

Shear bond strength for OU was significantly lower than that of other groups(p<0.05). No significant difference was founded among SB, TY, and LP.

Citations

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• POSITIONING SELF‐ETCHING ADHESIVES: VERSUS OR IN ADDITION TO PHOSPHORIC ACID ETCHING?
  Claus‐Peter Ernst
  Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2004; 16(1): 57.     CrossRef

The objectiveness of this study was to evaluate whether low-viscosity composite can bond effectively to dentin surface without bonding resin. The low-viscosity composites being 50wt% filler content were made by the inclusion of bonding resin of two self-etching systems(Clearfil SE Bond, Unifil Bond) varied with contents as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%.

Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted 3rd molars are used. Dentin bond strengths were measured. The tests were carried out with a micro-shear device placed testing machine at a CHS of 1mm/min after a low-viscosity composite was filled into an iris cut from micro tygon tubing with internal diameter approximately 0.8mm and height of 1.0mm.

Flexural strength and modulus was increased with the addition of bonding resin.

Low viscosity composite including some functional monomer may be used as dentin bonding resin without an intermediary bonding agent. It makes a simplified bonding procedure and foresees the possibility of self-adhesive restorative material.

The object of this study was to compare the microleakage between various composite resin systems of multistep, one-bottle, and self-etching systems using electrical conductivity.

After making class V cavities (4×3×1.5 mm around CEJ), they were bulk filled with three kinds of resins of A3. Teeth were storaged in a saline solution for one day, after then, they were finished and polished using Sof-Lex system. Another stress of thermocycling was made for 500 times from 5° to 55℃ with each dwelling time of 10 seconds. Electrical conductivity (microamphere, µA) was checked four times: before and after cavity preparation, after filling, after thermocycling.

One-way ANOVA and 95% Scheffe Post Hoc test was used for checking any statistical difference among groups. Another 95% Paired Samples T-test was also used for estimating any significant difference within group after cavity filling or thermocycling.

The results were as follows:

Every specimen showed various range of microleakage after filling.

There was, however, no difference between composite resin systems.

Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that much more consideration should be needed when using thermally unstable one-bottle and self-etching systems that have multi-advantages from simplified step. More studies will be needed to solve these kinds of problems.

Citations

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• Effect of a new resin monomer on the microleakage of composite resin restorations
  JH Bae, YK Kim, PY Yoon, MA Lee, BH Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(5): 469.     CrossRef
• Microhardness and microleakage of composite resin cured by visible light with various band of wavelength
  Soo-Man Park, Jae-Yong Lee, Seung-Ryul Han, Sang-Yoon Ha, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2002; 27(4): 403.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro interfacial relationship of restorations bonded with three self-etching primer adhesives and one self-etching adhesive.

Class I cavity preparations were prepared on twenty extracted human molars. Prepared teeth were divided into four groups and restored with four adhesives and composites: Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil™ AP-X (SE), UniFil Bond/UniFil® F (UF), FL Bond/Filtek™ Z 250 (FL) and Prompt L-Pop/Filtek™ Z 250 (LP)

After storing in distilled water of room temperature for 24 hours, the specimens were vertically sectioned and decalcified. Morphological patterns between the enamel/dentin and adhesives were observed under SEM.

The results of this study were as follows;

1. They showed close adaptation between enamel and SE, UF and FL except for LP.

2. The hybrid layer in dentin was 2 µm thick in SE, 1.5 µm thick in UF, and 0.4 µm in both FL and LP. So, the hybrid layers of SE and UF were slightly thicker than that of FL and LP.

3. The lengths and diameters of resin tags in UF and FL were similar, but those of LP were slightly shorter and slenderer than those of SE.

4. The resin tags were long rod shape in SE, and funnel shape in other groups.

Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that self-etching primer adhesives showed close adaptation on enamel. In addition, the thickness of hybrid layer ranged from 0.4-1.5 µm between adhesives and dentin. The resin tags were long rod or funnel shape, and dimension of them was similar or different among adhesives.

Citations

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• Influence of appication time of self-etching primers on dentinal microtensile bond strength
  Young-Gon Cho, Young-Gon Lee, Jong-Uk Kim, Byung-Cheul Park, Jong-Jin Kim, Hee-Young Choi, Cheul-Hee Jin, Sang-Hoon Yoo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2004; 29(5): 430.     CrossRef

This study investigated the influence of IRM on marginal microleakage of 5th generation adhesives. Class V cavities with gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 and 4 received no temporary restoration with IRM. Group 2 and 5 were covered with IRM mixed at P/L ratio(10g/1g). Group 3 and 6 were covered with IRM mixed at P/L ratio(10g/2g). The temporary restorations were removed mechanically with an ultrasonic scaler after one-week storage in distilled water. The cavities were restored using one of two adhesives and composites; Single Bond/Filtek Z 250(Group 1, 2 and 3), UniFil Bond/UniFil F(Group 4, 5 and 6).

Following one day storage in distilled water, the restored teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles(between 5℃ and 55℃) and immersed in 2% methylene blue for dye penetration testing. The results were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of this study were as follows:

1. Ranking of mean microleakage scores at the enamel margins was Group 1<Group 3<Group 2<Group 4<Group 5<Group 6. The microleakage of Group 6 was significantly higher than that of Groups 1, 2 and 3(p<0.05).

2. At the enamel margins, without regard to pretreatment with IRM, the microleakage of Single Bond was lower than that of UniFil Bond.

3. Ranking of mean microleakage scores at the dentin margins was Group 4<Group 1<Group 5<Group 6<Group 3<Group 2. But there were no significant difference among microleakages of each group(p>0.05).

4. At the dentin margins, the microleakage of the group not pretreated with IRM was lower than that of the group pretreated with IRM. And the microleakage of UniFil Bond was lower than that of Single Bond.

5. Compared with microleakages between the enamel and dentin margins of each groups, Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 at dentin margin were higher microleakage than those at enamel margin. There were significant difference between enamel and dentin microleakage of Group 2 and 3(p<0.05).

Citations

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• Effect of microleakage of a self-etching primer adhesive according to types of cutting instruments
  Yong-Hee Kim, Jae-Gu Park, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(4): 327.     CrossRef

This study evaluated the microleakage performance of four self-etcing primer adhesives(Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2, UniFil Bond, and FL Bond) and one self-etching adhesive(Prompt L-Pop). Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 50 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of five adhesives and composite resins: Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z 250(Group 1), Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X(Group 2), Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X(Group 3), UniFil Bond/UniFil F(Group 4), and FL Bond/Filtek Z 250(Group 5).

Following one day storage in room temperature water, the restored teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5℃ and 55℃. Marginal microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye. After 24 hours, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests.

The results of this study were as follows;

1. The microleakges at both enamel and dentinal margins were the lowest in group 4, increasing among groups in the following order: group 2, follwed by group 5, follwed by group 1, and the highest in group 3.

2. At the enamel margins, the microleakage of group 3 was significantly higher than those of groups 2, 4 and 5(p<0.05), and also the microleakage of group 1 was statistically higher than those of groups 2 and 5(p<0.05).

3. At the dentinal margins, microleakage of group 3 was significantly higher than microleakages of groups 1, 2, 4 and 5(p<0.05).

4. Compared with microleakages between the enamel and dentinal margins of each group, groups 1, 4 and 5 at enamel margin and group 2 and group 3 at dentinal margin were higher microleakage. But there was no significant difference between enamel and dentinal microleakages of each group(p>0.05).

Citations

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• Effect of cutting instruments on the dentin bond strength of a self-etch adhesive
  Young-Gon Lee, So-Ra Moon, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Comparison of bond strength of a fiber post cemented with various resin cements
  Hyun-A Lee, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 499.     CrossRef
• Enamel adhesion of light- and chemical-cured composites coupled by two step self-etch adhesives
  Sae-Hee Han, Eun-Soung Kim, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(3): 169.     CrossRef
• Effect of microleakage of a self-etching primer adhesive according to types of cutting instruments
  Yong-Hee Kim, Jae-Gu Park, Young-Gon Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(4): 327.     CrossRef
• Influence of appication time of self-etching primers on dentinal microtensile bond strength
  Young-Gon Cho, Young-Gon Lee, Jong-Uk Kim, Byung-Cheul Park, Jong-Jin Kim, Hee-Young Choi, Cheul-Hee Jin, Sang-Hoon Yoo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2004; 29(5): 430.     CrossRef
• Morphological patterns of self-etching primers and self-etching adhesive bonded to tooth structure
  Young-Gon Cho, Seok-Jong Lee, Jin-Ho Jeong, Young-Gon Lee, Soo-Mee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2003; 28(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Shear bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin and sem analysis
  Young-Gon Cho, Kee-Sun Roh, Soo-Mee Kim, Young-Gon Lee, Jin-Ho Jeong, Young-Jae Ki
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2003; 28(3): 222.     CrossRef
• The effect of additional enamel etching on microleakage of the adhesion of self-etching primer system
  Jung-Jin Yoon, Kyung-San Min, Chan-Ui Hong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2003; 28(5): 363.     CrossRef

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• Effect of different air-drying time on the microleakage of single-step self-etch adhesives
  Horieh Moosavi, Maryam Forghani, Esmatsadat Managhebi
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(2): 73.     CrossRef
• Effect of moisture and drying time on the bond strength of the one-step self-etching adhesive system
  Yoon Lee, Jeong-Won Park
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(3): 155.     CrossRef
• Priming time and etching effect on shear bond strength of self-etching adhesive
  In-Joo Kang, Jeong-Won Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2004; 29(2): 185.     CrossRef